Evidence mapPaperPMID 40362802Full record

ReviewNutrients2025

Understanding Stunting: Impact, Causes, and Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Reduction-A Narrative Review.

Aisyah Tri Mulyani, Miski Aghnia Khairinisa, Alfi Khatib, Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  5. The consequences ofEClinicalMedicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Aisyah Tri MulyaniMagister Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang km 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-4923-1323
Miski Aghnia KhairinisaDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang km 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-4314-9273
Alfi KhatibDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-5480-0789
Anis Yohana ChaerunisaaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang km 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-4985-8206

Funding

Padjadjaran University Post Graduate Study Scholarship year 2024-2025 year 2024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stunting is a major global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, due to its persistently high prevalence. It often originates from chronic malnutrition during the critical first 1000 days of life. Maternal and child nutrition are critical determinants of a child's growth and development. This article aimed to explore the impact, causes, and evidence-based strategies to accelerate the reduction of stunting incidence worldwide. This review was undertaken with sources from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and MEDLINE from October 2024 to January 2025. This review was undertaken with sources from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and MEDLINE from October 2024 to January 2025 using the keyword "Stunting", "Causes of stunting", "Stunting Impact", "Stunting Intervention", and "Stunting Prevention". The findings highlight the multifactorial causes of stunting, including maternal malnutrition, inadequate breastfeeding and complementary feeding, poor sanitation, and socioeconomic factors. Stunting is associated with impaired linear growth, cognitive deficits, gut dysbiosis, endocrine disruption, anemia, and increased risk of chronic diseases later in life. Addressing stunting demands multisectoral strategies focusing on maternal and child nutrition, infection prevention, improved WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) practices, and socioeconomic support. The evidence presented may guide policy development and targeted interventions to prevent stunting and its long-term effects.

Indexed as

Growth DisordersBreast FeedingChild Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaChild, PreschoolFemaleGlobal HealthHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalnutritionMaternal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaNutritional StatusPrevalenceRisk FactorsSocioeconomic Factorschildrendysbiosisgrowth failurestuntingundernutrition

Identifiers

PMID40362802
PMCPMC12073730

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.