Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40362992›Full record

ArticlePolymers2025

Sago-Starch-Derived Sodium Starch Glycolate: An Effective Superdisintegrant to Enhance Formulation Performance.

Okta Nama Putra, Ida Musfiroh, Derina Paramitasari, Karjawan Pudjianto, Emmy Hainida Khairul Ikram, Chaidir Chaidir, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Okta Nama PutraDoctoral Program of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia.
Ida MusfirohDoctoral Program of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-2569-8914
Derina ParamitasariResearch Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.ORCID 0009-0005-3148-7442
Karjawan PudjiantoResearch Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.
Emmy Hainida Khairul IkramCentre for Dietetics Studies, and Integrated Nutrition Science and Therapy Research Group (INSPIRE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-4837-4963
Chaidir ChaidirResearch Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, Tangerang 15314, Indonesia.
Muchtaridi MuchtaridiDoctoral Program of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-6156-8025

Funding

Universitas Padjadjaran 1549/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study focused on optimizing sago-starch-derived sodium starch glycolate (SSG) as a superdisintegrant using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The aim was to enhance the formulation performance by achieving an optimal degree of substitution (DS) in the synthesis of SSG from sago starch and evaluating its performance in mefenamic acid tablet formulation. The SSG was synthesized using an organic solvent slurry method, which involves crosslinking starch with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and substituting it with sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA). The reaction conditions, including the temperature, SMCA ratio, and reaction time, were optimized using the RSM. The optimal conditions were identified as a temperature range of 45-55 °C, an SMCA ratio of 0.75-1.5, and a reaction time of 120-240 min. The maximum predicted DS value was 0.24, with a validated DS value of 0.246 ± 0.021. The SSG-containing mefenamic acid formulation met USP standards and showed a superior disintegration time compared to the existing SSG. The optimized SSG derived from sago starch can be effectively used as a superdisintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations, offering a sustainable and economically viable alternative source of SSG. This contributes to the development of more effective drug delivery systems and promotes sustainable agriculture in Indonesia.

Indexed as

degree of substitution (DS)disintegration timemefenamic acid tablet formulationorganic solvent slurryresponse surface methodology (RSM)sustainable agriculture

Identifiers

PMID40362992
PMCPMC12073232

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.