Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40365781›Full record

ArticleAnatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)2026

Noradrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the normal human heart and changes associated with cardiomyopathy.

Peter Hanna, Donald B Hoover, Logan G Kirkland, Elizabeth H Smith, Megan D Poston, Stanley G Peirce, Chloe G Garbe, Tasha K Phillips, Steven Cha, Shumpei Mori and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Peter HannaDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3092-5090
Donald B HooverDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
Logan G KirklandDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
Elizabeth H SmithDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
Megan D PostonDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
Stanley G PeirceDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
Chloe G GarbeDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
Tasha K PhillipsDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
Steven ChaDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
Shumpei MoriDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jaclyn A BrennanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
John Andrew ArmourDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
Eric RytkinDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Igor R EfimovDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Olujimi A AjijolaDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6197-7593
Jeffrey L Ardell *David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
Kalyanam ShivkumarDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.

Funding

Comprehensive Structural and Functional Mapping of the Mammalian Cardiac Nervous SystemOT2OD023848 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI EFIMOV, IGOR R, FOWLKES, CHARLESS · 2016 to 2021
$21.4M
Neural Control of Myocardial Excitability at the Nerve Myocyte InterfaceP01HL164311 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Olujimi A Ajijola · 2023 to 2026
$11.3M
The First Step toward a Neuronal Pacemaker of the HeartF32HL152609 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HANNA, PETER · 2020 to 2020
$80k
American Heart Association 23CDA1039446American Heart Association-American Stroke Association 23CDA1039446Fondation Leducq 23CVD04NHLBI NIH HHS F32 HL152609NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL164311NIH HHS OT2 OD023848NIH HHS OT2OD023848NIH HHS P01 HL164311NIH NRSA Postdoctoral Fellowship F32HL152609UCLA Amara Yad Project
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autonomic nerves are crucial in cardiac function and pathology. However, data on the distribution of cholinergic and noradrenergic nerves in normal and pathologic human hearts is lacking. Nonfailing donor hearts were pressure-perfusion fixed, imaged, and dissected. Left ventricular cardiomyopathy samples were also obtained. Fixed frozen sections were immunostained for nerves, and adjacent tissue underwent clearing for 3D visualization. Cholinergic and noradrenergic nerves were evenly abundant in both atria, except the sinoatrial node, where vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) nerves were dominant. Noradrenergic consistently outnumbered cholinergic nerves in right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) regions. Noradrenergic innervation of LV regions varied between donors. Cholinergic innervation was higher in RV compared to LV samples, which generally had reduced VAChT nerves. Marked neural remodeling occurred in three cardiomyopathy cases. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) nerve density was increased in the right atrial appendage, and all nerves showed a trend to decrease in the left atrial appendage. Cholinergic innervation was reduced in the LV, and TH innervation was heterogeneous. Noradrenergic nerves were present in granulation tissue but absent in regions of dense scar. Some border zone regions had reduced TH innervation but no hyperinnervation. Dual innervation of most atrial regions supports balanced regulation of atrial function. Higher cholinergic input to the sinoatrial node favors vagal dominance in heart rate regulation. Innervation patterns support a significant role of noradrenergic input to the ventricle, especially on the left. Both atrial and ventricular nerves remodel in cardiomyopathy, providing a foundation for asymmetric neural input and dysregulation of cardiac electromechanical function.

Indexed as

Adrenergic NeuronsCardiomyopathiesCholinergic NeuronsHeartAdultAgedFemaleHeart VentriclesHumansMaleMiddle AgedVesicular Acetylcholine Transport ProteinsVesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteinscardiac innervationcardiomyopathycholinergicimmunohistochemistryintrinsic cardiac nervous systemneuronal remodelingnoradrenergic

Identifiers

PMID40365781
PMCPMC12353864

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.