ArticleAndrology2026
Low testosterone in primary infertile men is associated with a history of maternal obesity during pregnancy: Findings from a cross-sectional study.
Article in Andrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMaternal obesity increases offspring obesity risk, but limited data exist on its association with reproductive hormones in infertile males.
objectivesTo investigate the impact of maternal obesity during pregnancy on total testosterone levels in primary infertile men. MATERIALS AND
methodsData from 418 men seeking medical help for primary infertility were analyzed. Demographics, clinical data, comorbidities, and history of maternal obesity during pregnancy were recorded. Testicular volume was assessed with Prader's orchidometer. Serum hormones, including calculated free testosterone, and semen parameters were collected. Low testosterone and low calculated free testosterone were defined as total testosterone <3 ng/mL and calculated free testosterone <120 pg/mL. Descriptive statistics and regression models evaluated associations between maternal obesity at pregnancy and both total testosterone and calculated free testosterone levels.
resultsMedian (interquartile range) age and body mass index were 36 (33‒40) years and 24.8 (23.1‒26.8) kg/m
conclusionsLow testosterone is a frequent characteristic in primary infertile men. Although rare, maternal obesity at pregnancy is significantly associated with reduced total testosterone and calculated free testosterone levels. Further preventive strategies and close follow-up should be considered in this specific group.
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