Evidence mapPaperPMID 40367985Full record

ReviewDiabetes & metabolism journal2025

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Hypothalamic Regulation of Satiation: Cognitive and Neural Insights from Human and Animal Studies.

Joon Seok Park, Kyu Sik Kim, Hyung Jin Choi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes & metabolism journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Hypothalamus-liver talks: whispers in the language of metabolism.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Obestatin: canonical and unexpected functions.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Joon Seok ParkDepartment of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kyu Sik KimDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Hyung Jin ChoiDepartment of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as blockbuster drugs for treating metabolic diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, delaying gastric emptying, and acting on the central nervous system to regulate satiation and satiety. This review summarizes the discovery of GLP-1 and the development of GLP-1RAs, with a particular focus on their central mechanisms of action. Human neuroimaging studies demonstrate that GLP-1RAs influence brain activity during food cognition, supporting a role in pre-ingestive satiation. Animal studies on hypothalamic feed-forward regulation of hunger suggest that cognitive hypothalamic mechanisms may also contribute to satiation control. We highlight the brain mechanisms of GLP-1RA-induced satiation and satiety, including cognitive impacts, with an emphasis on animal studies of hypothalamic glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and GLP-1R-expressing neurons. Actions in non-hypothalamic regions are also discussed. Additionally, we review emerging combination drugs and oral GLP-1RA formulations aimed at improving efficacy and patient adherence. In conclusion, the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH)-a key GLP-1RA target-mediates pre-ingestive cognitive satiation, while other hypothalamic GLP-1R neurons regulate diverse aspects of feeding behavior, offering potential therapeutic targets for obesity treatment.

Indexed as

CognitionGlucagon-Like Peptide 1HypothalamusSatiationAnimalsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsCentral nervous systemDiabetes mellitus, type 2Glucagon-like peptide 1Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptorGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsHypothalamusIncretins

Identifiers

PMID40367985
PMCPMC12086555

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.