Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40367988›Full record

ReviewDiabetes & metabolism journal2025

SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application.

Jae Hyun Bae

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes & metabolism journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT07465926. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07465926 completed

Associations of Early Add-On GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy With Mortality and Kidney Outcomes in Adults With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Across Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Stages 2-3: A Target-Trial Emulation

Ran2017Enrolled451,036Registered outcomes12Posted comparisons0ConditionsCardiovascular Disease Risk Factor, Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic Syndrome, Kidney Disease, Obesity & OverweightArmsGLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2 inhibitor
PMID 32114848PMID 38785209PMID 40281304PMID 27295427PMID 39291205PMID 41178710PMID 40899949PMID 40796935PMID 40570007PMID 40388382PMID 40371589PMID 40014670other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Personalizing Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Therapy: Closer but Not There Yet.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Jae Hyun BaeDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease and significantly increases cardiovascular risk and mortality. Despite conventional therapies, including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, substantial residual risk remains. The emergence of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists has reshaped DKD management. Beyond glycemic control, these agents provide distinct and complementary cardiorenal benefits through mechanisms such as hemodynamic modulation, anti-inflammatory effects, and metabolic adaptations. Landmark trials, including CREDENCE, DAPA-CKD, EMPA-KIDNEY, and FLOW, have demonstrated their efficacy in preserving kidney function and reducing adverse outcomes. SGLT2 inhibitors appear more effective in mitigating glomerular hyperfiltration and lowering heart failure risk, whereas GLP-1 receptor agonists are particularly beneficial in reducing albuminuria and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Although indirect comparisons suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors may offer greater protection against kidney function decline, direct head-to-head trials are lacking. Combination therapy holds promise, however further studies are needed to define optimal treatment strategies. This review synthesizes current evidence, evaluates comparative effectiveness, and outlines future directions in DKD management, emphasizing precision medicine approaches to enhance clinical outcomes. The integration of these therapies represents a paradigm shift in diabetes care, expanding treatment options for people with diabetes mellitus at risk of kidney failure.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsHumansGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsDiabetes mellitusDiabetic nephropathiesGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsRenal insufficiency, chronicSodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40367988
PMCPMC12086580

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.