Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40369748›Full record

ArticleCancer research and treatment2026

Real-World Efficacy of Intravesical Gemcitabine for BCG-Unresponsive Non-muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Hye Won Lee, Eui Hyun Jung, Kyung Hwan Kim, Hong Koo Ha, Jong Jin Oh, Seok Ho Kang, Seung-Hwan Jeong, Hyeong Dong Yuk, Ji Eun Heo, Won Sik Ham and 7 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer research and treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Hye Won LeeDepartment of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Eui Hyun JungDepartment of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
Kyung Hwan KimDepartment of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Hong Koo HaDepartment of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Jong Jin OhDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
Seok Ho KangDepartment of Urology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Seung-Hwan JeongDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Hyeong Dong YukDepartment of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Ji Eun HeoDepartment of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Won Sik HamDepartment of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Eu Chang HwangDepartment of Urology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.
Seung Il JungDepartment of Urology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.
Wan SongDepartment of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Bumjin LimDepartment of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Bumsik HongDepartment of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Byung Chang JeongDepartment of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Ho Kyung SeoDepartment of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.

Funding

National Cancer Center NCC-2211590
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to report the real-world outcomes of intravesical gemcitabine for bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) in Korean patients who were unable or unwilling to undergo radical cystectomy (RC). MATERIALS AND

methodsThis retrospective study included 131 patients (median age, 69 years; 88.5% men) treated with intravesical gemcitabine for BCG-unresponsive HR-NMIBC at nine centers between May 2019 and April 2022. The primary endpoint was 1-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). The secondary endpoints included factors influencing RFS, progression-free survival (PFS), cystectomy- free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and risk factors for recurrence were assessed using Cox regression models.

resultsPatients were followed up for a median duration of 25 months, with carcinoma in situ (CIS) in 41.9% of the patients. The 1-year and 2-year RFS rates were 68% and 42%, while the 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 87% and 77%, respectively. No significant factors influencing RFS were identified. Seventeen patients underwent RC during a median follow-up of 16 months, with the condition in three patients progressing to muscle-invasive disease on final pathological analysis. The 2-year CSS and OS rates were 98% and 97%, respectively. Intravesical gemcitabine was well-tolerated, with only seven patients (5.3%) unable to complete the full induction course.

conclusionOur research highlights the potential of intravesical gemcitabine as a viable bladder-sparing treatment option for BCG-unresponsive HR-NMIBC, providing real-world evidence on its safety, efficacy, and tolerability.

Indexed as

Antimetabolites, AntineoplasticBCG VaccineDeoxycytidineUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsAdministration, IntravesicalAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCystectomyFemaleGemcitabineHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm InvasivenessNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalAntimetabolites, AntineoplasticBCG VaccineDeoxycytidineGemcitabineBacillus Calmette–GuérinFailureGemcitabineIntravesical administrationNon-muscle invasive bladder neoplasmsOrganization and administrationTherapeutics

Identifiers

PMID40369748
PMCPMC13093033

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.