Evidence mapPaperPMID 40375136Full record

ArticleBMC gastroenterology2025

Changes in microbial and metabolic profiles of mice fed with long-term high salt diet.

Huiying Tian, Xiaotang Gao, Hanlin Du, Zhuofeng Lin, Xianen Huang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Huiying Tian *The Laboratory of Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
Xiaotang Gao *School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
Hanlin DuSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
Zhuofeng LinSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China. zhuofenglin@wmu.edu.cn.
Xianen HuangDepartment of Endocrinology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China. huangxianen@wmu.edu.cn.

Funding

This research was supported by China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists 81925004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeHigh salt diet (HSD) has been considered as a risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders. However, less is known about long-term implications of HSD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the effects of mice feeding with long-term HSD on gut microbial and metabolic profiles.

methodsIn this study, C57BL/6 J mice were fed with HSD for 22 weeks, after which fat and feces were collected. The composition of fecal microbiota was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolic profiling of mice was identified through untargeted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, the serum levels of adipocytokines, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and adiponectin (APN), were measured.

resultsLong-term HSD disrupted the growth performance of mice. Compared to those fed a normal salt diet, mice on a long-term HSD showed slower weight gain, as well as lower fat accumulation and serum levels of APN, while experiencing elevated blood pressure and levels of serum FGF21 and glucose. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed changes in community richness and diversity, with long-term HSD affecting the abundance of certain gut microbiota, including Firmicutes, Christensenella, Barnesiella, and Lactococcus. Fecal metabolomic analysis also uncovered alterations in metabolites, such as myriocin, cerulenin, norcholic acid, 7-ketocholesterol, and prostaglandins B2. Further analysis indicated that these gut and microbiota and metabolites are predominantly involved in the lipid metabolism of the organism. Importantly, variations in these gut metabolites and microbiota were significantly correlated with body weight, fat accumulation, and the levels of FGF21 and APN.

conclusionLong-term HSD affects physiological traits, alters gut metabolites profiles, and impacts the composition and function of gut microbiota, thus causes a certain impact on lipid metabolism.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeMetabolomeSodium Chloride, DietaryAdiponectinAnimalsBlood GlucoseBlood PressureFecesFibroblast Growth FactorsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLRNA, Ribosomal, 16SWeight GainAdiponectinBlood Glucosefibroblast growth factor 21Fibroblast Growth FactorsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSodium Chloride, DietaryFecal metabolomicsGut microbiotaLipid metabolismLong-term high salt diet

Identifiers

PMID40375136
PMCPMC12082937

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.