Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40375391›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Cruciferous vegetables improve glycaemic control compared to root/squash vegetables in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial: The VEgetableS for vaScular hEaLth (VESSEL) study.

Emma L Connolly, Alex H Liu, Richard J Woodman, Armaghan Shafaei, Lisa G Wood, Richard Mithen, Anthony P James, Carl J Schultz, Seng Khee Gan, Catherine P Bondonno and 3 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Emma L ConnollyNutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0171-8236
Alex H LiuNutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Richard J WoodmanFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Armaghan ShafaeiCentre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Lisa G WoodSchool of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
Richard MithenLiggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Anthony P JamesCurtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Carl J SchultzMedical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Seng Khee GanMedical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Catherine P BondonnoNutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Joshua R LewisNutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Jonathan M HodgsonNutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Lauren C BlekkenhorstNutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.

Funding

Australian Government Research Training Program ScholarshipDepartment of Health Western Australia G1004519Edith Cowan University G1004405National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia 1172987National Heart Foundation of Australia Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship 102498Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation CAF 127/2020Western Australian Future Health Research and Innovation Fund WANMA2023Ideas/3
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsHigher cruciferous vegetable (e.g., broccoli) intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but limited causal evidence exists. We investigated if cruciferous vegetable intake improved glycaemic control compared to root/squash vegetables in non-diabetic adults with elevated blood pressure. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis randomized, controlled, crossover trial consisted of two 2-week dietary interventions (300 g/day cruciferous [active] and root/squash [control] soups with standardized lunch/dinner meals) separated by a 2-week washout. Participants were blinded to the intervention allocation. Glycaemic measures were a pre-specified secondary outcome. Flash glucose monitoring measured interstitial glucose every 15-min throughout both interventions. Mealtimes and consumption were recorded in food diaries. Differences in continuous glucose, glycaemic variability (coefficient of variation [CV]), and overall, lunch, and dinner postprandial glucose response (PPGR; 2-h mean glucose [PPGR 2-h] and area under the curve [AUC]) were assessed using linear mixed-effects regression.

resultsEighteen participants (female = 89%) completed the study (median [IQR] age: 68 [66-70 years]). Glycaemic variability was lower in the active versus control (mean difference: -2.0%, 95% CI -2.8, -1.1, p < 0.001). Overall PPGR 2-h and AUC were lower in the active versus control (mean difference: -0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.24, -0.04, p = 0.005 and -20.1 mmol/L × min, 95% CI -34.1, -6.1, p = 0.005, respectively), driven by the dinner PPGR (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively). There was no difference in mean continuous glucose for active versus control (p = 0.411).

conclusionsCruciferous vegetable consumption improved postprandial glycaemic control compared with root/squash vegetables. The clinical impact remains uncertain and warrants further investigation, particularly in individuals with impaired glycaemic control. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN12619001294145).

Indexed as

BrassicaDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic ControlVegetablesAdultAgedBlood GlucoseCross-Over StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMealsMiddle AgedPostprandial PeriodBlood Glucosecardiovascular diseasecruciferous vegetablesdiabetesglucosinolatesglycaemic controlpostprandial glucose responserandomized controlled trial

Identifiers

PMID40375391
PMCPMC12232361

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.