ArticlePregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.)2025
Breastfeeding patterns among parturients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of the MOMPOD randomized clinical trial.
Article in Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association between Neonatal Hypoglycemia and 30-Day Breastfeeding Outcomes among Gravidas with Type 2 Diabetes.American journal of perinatology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionInsulin resistance is associated with decreased milk supply in lactating people. Metformin is hypothesized to increase breast milk production by decreasing insulin resistance, suggesting use may increase breastfeeding success. We aimed to determine the association between metformin use during pregnancy and breastfeeding initiation and continuation.
methodsThis was a secondary analysis of the MOMPOD randomized controlled trial of metformin versus placebo in addition to insulin therapy among pregnant people with type 2 diabetes and early diabetes. We included parturients who delivered a living neonate, received at least one dose of study drug or placebo, endorsed an intention to breastfeed, and completed a breastfeeding survey. Breastfeeding intentions and breastfeeding outcomes were collected utilizing a breastfeeding questionnaire at 24-30 weeks and 30-days postpartum respectively. The primary outcome was breastfeeding at 30-days postpartum defined by exclusive or partial breastfeeding. Secondary outcomes included immediate breastfeeding defined as any breastfeeding during the postpartum hospital admission until at least postpartum day 3, onset of lactogenesis (days), breast and bra size, and breastfeeding challenges. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared using chi-square, t-test, or Wilcoxon tests, as appropriate.
resultsAmong the 794 women randomized and receiving either placebo or metformin in the primary trial, 378 (47.6%) met inclusion criteria with 194 (51.3%) in metformin and 184 (48.7%) in placebo groups. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. Immediate breastfeeding was comparable between groups (91.1% vs 88.9%, p=0.53) and there was no difference in onset of lactogenesis. Thirty days postpartum, breastfeeding rates were lower among all parturients and there was no difference between metformin and placebo groups (76.0% vs 66.7%, p=0.11). Also, there were no differences in partial or exclusive breastfeeding, breast cup or bra size, or breastfeeding challenges.
conclusionOur data suggest no association between metformin use and breastfeeding patterns in those with type 2 or early diabetes in pregnancy. Antepartum metformin should not be recommended solely to improve breastfeeding success.
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