Evidence mapPaperPMID 40376969Full record

ArticleMolecular medicine reports2025

Glucose, glutamine, lactic acid and α‑ketoglutarate restore metabolic disturbances and atrophic changes  in energy‑deprived muscle cells.

Miu Ikeda, Moe Matsumoto, Miki Tamura, Masaki Kobayashi, Kaoruko Iida

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular medicine reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Miu IkedaDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 1128610, Japan.
Moe MatsumotoDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 1128610, Japan.
Miki TamuraDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 1128610, Japan.
Masaki KobayashiDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 1128610, Japan.
Kaoruko IidaDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 1128610, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Skeletal muscle atrophy is often triggered by catabolic conditions such as fasting, malnutrition and chronic diseases; however, the efficacy of nutritional supplementation in maintaining muscle mass and preventing muscle atrophy remains controversial. The present study aimed to compare the inhibitory effects of various nutritional substrates on starvation‑induced catabolic changes and muscle cell atrophy. C2C12 muscle cells were starved for up to 24 h in medium lacking serum and main nutrients (glucose, glutamine and pyruvate). To assess the effects of exogenous substrates, the cells were incubated in starvation medium and individually supplemented with each of the following nutrients: Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, lactate or ketone bodies. The expression of each gene and protein was analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Mitochondrial activity was determined by MTT assay and cell morphology was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The results revealed that starvation for >3 h suppressed mitochondrial activity, and after 5 h of starvation, the expression levels of several metabolic genes were increased; however, the levels of most, with the exception of Scot and

Indexed as

GlucoseGlutamineKetoglutaric AcidsLactic AcidMuscular AtrophyAnimalsCell LineEnergy MetabolismMiceMitochondriaGlucoseGlutamineKetoglutaric AcidsLactic Acidatrophymetabolismmuscle cellsnutrient substratesstarvation

Identifiers

PMID40376969
PMCPMC12105454

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.