ArticleDevelopmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists2026
The endocannabinoid system regulates both ependymoglial and neuronal cell responses to a tail amputation in the axolotl.
Article in Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe endocannabinoid system is a neuromodulatory system implicated in cellular processes during both development and regeneration. The Mexican axolotl, one of only a few vertebrates capable of central nervous system regeneration, was used to examine the role of the endocannabinoid system in the regeneration of the tail and spinal cord following amputation.
resultsThe endocannabinoid receptor CB1 was upregulated in the regenerating axolotl spinal cord by 4 hours following tail amputation, and this upregulation persisted for at least 14 days. The endocannabinoid receptor CB2 was upregulated later, between 7 and 14 days after tail amputation. Both CB1 and CB2 were located in ependymoglia and neurons within the regenerating spinal cord. Treatment with inverse agonists to inhibit CB1 (AM251) or CB2 (AM630) inhibited spinal cord and tail regeneration. During the first 7 days after injury, CB1 and CB2 expression was also necessary for the proliferation of ependymoglial cells and the regeneration of axons into the newly regenerated tail tissue. However, only CB1 was necessary for the differentiation of ependymoglia into immature neurons.
conclusionsThese studies are the first to examine the role of the endocannabinoid system during spinal cord regeneration in a regeneration-competent vertebrate.
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