SynthesisAndrology2026
Muscle strength changes and physical activity during gender-affirming hormone therapy: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Andrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Muscle strength changes and physical activity during gender-affirming hormone therapy: A systematic review.Andrology · 2026Pooled it
- Nutritional Monitoring During Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: Body Composition and Metabolic Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- One-year changes in body composition and phase angle during feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy: a longitudinal and comparative study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigher muscle strength is associated with improved overall health and lower mortality. Muscle strength changes during gender-affirming hormone therapy is possibly linked to gender-affirming hormone therapy modality, age at initiation, gender-affirming hormone therapy duration, and physical activity.
aimTo review published literature on muscle strength changes during gender-affirming hormone therapy.
methodsStudies were included if they met the PICOS criteria; P: transgender individuals ≥18 years, I: gender-affirming hormone therapy, C: gender-affirming hormone therapy-naïve transgender persons or cisgender controls, O: muscle strength and physical activity in relation to muscle strength, S: prospective cohorts or cross-sectional.
resultsFifteen studies with data on 1206 transgender persons (722 transmasculine persons, median age 23-37 years and 484 transfeminine persons, median age 27-41 years) were included. Prospective design was used in eight out of 15 studies (two out of eight on transmasculine, two out of eight on transfeminine, and four out of eight on both) and seven out of 15 were cross-sectional (two out of seven on transmasculine, four out of seven on transfeminine, and one out of seven on both). Isometric elbow flexion/extension, lower body strength, and handgrip strength were assessed in one out of 15 studies, four out of 15, and 12 out of 15 studies, respectively. Bias rating was moderate to high. PROSPECTIVE STUDIES: Masculinizing gender-affirming hormone therapy resulted in increased (four out of six studies) or unchanged (two out of six studies) muscle strength, while feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy resulted in decreased (three out of six studies) or unchanged (three out of six studies) muscle strength. Muscle strength changes mainly occurred during the first year after initiating gender-affirming hormone therapy and age at initiation had no impact. CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES: Transmasculine and transfeminine persons had higher strength compared with cisgender women, but lower strength than cisgender men. Physical activity was unchanged during gender-affirming hormone therapy in five out of prospective studies, while transfeminine persons were less physically active than cisgender men in five out of five prospective studies.
conclusionMuscle strength appeared to increase during masculinizing gender-affirming hormone therapy and decrease during feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy, whereas physical activity was unchanged. Given high risk of bias, more research is necessary. Improving transgender care requires engagement of transgender persons in physical activity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.