Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40380783›Full record

ArticleImmunotherapy2025

New onset of hypertension associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer patients.

HangYu Watson, Nolan Holley, Tabot Ntoung Nkongho, Brijesh Patel

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Immunotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

HangYu WatsonDepartment of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-9838-8794
Nolan HolleyDepartment of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Tabot Ntoung NkonghoDepartment of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Brijesh PatelDepartment of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo evaluate whether immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is associated with a higher incidence of hypertension (HTN) among cancer patients compared to those not treated with ICIs. MATERIALS &

methodsThis retrospective cohort study utilized data from the TriNetX Research Network, a global database of de-identified electronic health records. Adult patients (≥18 years) with lung, breast, colon, kidney, or skin cancer were categorized based on ICI treatment. Patients with preexisting hypertension were excluded. Propensity score matching (1:1) based on demographics and comorbidities yielded two balanced cohorts of 24,956 patients each. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypertension within one year of cancer diagnosis.

resultsThe incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in the ICI group (13.2%) compared to the non-ICI group (9.7%). The risk ratio was 1.356 (95% CI: 1.271-1.446), and the odds ratio was 1.410 (95% CI: 1.311-1.516), both with

conclusionsICI therapy is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. These findings support the need for routine cardiovascular monitoring in patients receiving ICI treatment.

Indexed as

HypertensionImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsAdultAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscardio-oncologycardiovascular toxicityhypertensionImmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmune-related adverse eventsobservational studyoncology therapeuticsreal-world data

Identifiers

PMID40380783
PMCPMC12506740

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.