Evidence mapPaperPMID 40386839Full record

ArticleDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2025

Predictors of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia and severe hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Nicola N Zammitt, Shareen Forbes, Berit Inkster, Mark W J Strachan, Rohana J Wright, Anna R Dover, Roland H Stimson, Fraser W Gibb

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Predictors of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia and severe hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Nicola N ZammittEdinburgh Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
Shareen ForbesEdinburgh Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-0641
Berit InksterEdinburgh Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
Mark W J StrachanEdinburgh Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
Rohana J WrightEdinburgh Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
Anna R DoverEdinburgh Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
Roland H StimsonEdinburgh Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
Fraser W GibbEdinburgh Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-6463

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) and severe hypoglycaemia (SH) in adults with type 1 diabetes and identify risk factors for both conditions in a contemporary cohort.

methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 782 adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants completed a questionnaire including validated hypoglycaemia awareness and mental health tools. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were collected in 402 participants. SH was identified based on self-reported episodes.

results89% were CGM users and 27% were using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). 5.3% of participants reported a recent episode of SH and 21% had IAH based on the Gold score. Elevated Gold Score was independently associated with socioeconomic deprivation (OR 1.9, p = 0.002), female sex (OR 1.8, p = 0.002) and positive depression screen (OR 2.1, p = 0.007). Hypoglycaemia detection threshold <3.0 mM was independently associated with older age (OR 1.03 per year, p < 0.001) and positive depression screen (OR 2.7, p < 0.001). Greater glucose variability (OR 1.14 per % CV glucose, p < 0.001), positive anxiety screen (OR 3.0, p = 0.031) and detection threshold <3.0 mM (OR 6.7, p < 0.001) were all independently associated with SH risk.

conclusionsThe prevalence of SH is lower in the modern era of type 1 diabetes management and may reflect greater use of CGM and CSII. Mental health symptoms and socioeconomic deprivation are key associations with IAH and SH. Risk models incorporating clinical, psychological and CGM data may more effectively predict SH.

Indexed as

AwarenessDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsAdultBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinhypoglycaemiasevere hypoglycaemiatype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40386839
PMCPMC12434435

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.