Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40386900›Full record

ArticleArthritis care & research2025

Association of Elevated Serum S100A8/A9 Levels and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Carolina Muñoz-Grajales, Michelle L Barraclough, Juan P Diaz-Martinez, Jiandong Su, Kathleen Bingham, Mahta Kakvan, Roberta Pozzi Kretzmann, Maria Carmela Tartaglia, Lesley Ruttan, May Y Choi and 9 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Arthritis care & research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Carolina Muñoz-GrajalesSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Michelle L BarracloughSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and The University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-9698-0917
Juan P Diaz-MartinezSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Jiandong SuSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Kathleen BinghamCentre for Mental Health, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4539-220X
Mahta KakvanSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Roberta Pozzi KretzmannSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Maria Carmela TartagliaUniversity of Toronto Krembil Neurosciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Lesley RuttanToronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
May Y ChoiCumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-3760-2737
Simone AppenzellerUniversity of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-5075-4474
Sherief MarzoukCentre for Mental Health, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Dennisse BonillaSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Patricia KatzUniversity of California, San Francisco.ORCID 0000-0002-8146-2519
Dorcas BeatonInstitute for Work and Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Robin GreenUniversity of Toronto Krembil Neurosciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Dafna D GladmanSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-9074-0592
Joan WitherSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Zahi ToumaSchroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5177-2076

Funding

Arthritis Society Y10-15-323Arthritis Society Y5-15-081CIHR PJ5169668Lupus Research Alliance 702951Ontario Ministry of Research & Innovation - Early Research AwardsPhysician's Services Incorporated Foundation 16-10
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCognitive impairment (CI) is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite its prevalence, the immune mechanisms are not well understood. We previously reported elevated serum levels of S100A8/A9 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in patients with SLE and CI. This study aims to validate those findings by examining the relationship between serum levels and CI in patients with SLE at baseline and after one year.

methodsWe assessed cognitive function in 112 patients with SLE using the adapted American College of Rheumatology-Neuropsychological Battery, defining CI as impairment in two or more domains. Serum S100A8/A9 and MMP-9 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We compared serum levels between CI and non-CI groups, evaluated cognitive domain performance at baseline and one year, and explored associations between serum changes and cognitive status changes.

resultsAt baseline, 48 patients (42.8%) had CI. After one year, the cognitive funtion remained stable in 55%, improved in 31.2%, and worsened in 13% of patients. Serum S100A8/A9 levels were significantly higher in CI patients at baseline (P = 0.0007, r = 0.413) and one year (P = 0.0045, r = 0.359), correlating inversely with multiple CI domains. The worsened group showed a significant increase in S100A8/A9 levels, whereas the improved group exhibited a reduction.

conclusionIn this large cohort of patients with well-characterized SLE, serum S100A8/A9 levels were elevated in those with CI and showed an inverse relationship with cognitive performance across multiple domains. Changes in S100A8/A9 levels corresponded with changes in cognitive status over one year. These findings warrant further investigation into the role of S100A8/A9 in CI within the context of SLE.

Indexed as

Calgranulin ACalgranulin BCognitionCognitive DysfunctionLupus Erythematosus, SystemicAdultBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMatrix Metalloproteinase 9Middle AgedNeuropsychological TestsBiomarkersCalgranulin ACalgranulin BMatrix Metalloproteinase 9S100A8 protein, humanS100A9 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID40386900
PMCPMC12550649

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.