Evidence mapPaperPMID 40388463Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

The global burden of Klebsiella pneumoniae-associated lower respiratory infection in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Juanjuan Li, Liang Xu, A Fang Zuo, Ping Xu, Kaizhi Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Carbapenem-resistantbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Juanjuan LiEmergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Liang XuEmergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
A Fang ZuoEmergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Ping XuEmergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Kaizhi XuEmergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2447-4491

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the global epidemiological burden of lower respiratory infections (LRI) attributable to Klebsiella pneumoniae from 1990-2021, using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. The findings reveal that globally, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from Klebsiella pneumoniae-associated LRI decreased from 16,701,044 (95% UI: 14,220,055-19,183,469) in 1990-6,935,440 (95% UI: 5,953,328-8,007,786) in 2021, while deaths declined from 239,367 (95% UI: 212,553-268,072) -175,783 (95% UI: 158,749-193,924). The age-standardized DALYs rate dropped from 313.1 (95% UI: 266.6-359.7)-87.9 (95% UI: 75.4-101.5), and the death rate decreased from 4.5 (95% UI: 4.0-5.0)-2.2 (95% UI: 2.0-2.5). In 2021, the highest rates were observed in Oceania and Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Central African Republic, Niger, and Zimbabwe, while the lowest rates were found in Australasia, High-income North America, Eastern Europe, and East Asia, especially in the UAE, Australia, and Qatar. Higher rates were noted among both males and females under 10 and over 65 years old. Although most regions experienced decreases in age-standardized rates(ASR) from 1990-2021, Southern Latin America exhibited an increase. Additionally, age-standardized DALYs and death rates generally declined with increasing socio-demographic index (SDI). The global burden of LRI due to Klebsiella pneumoniae significantly decreased over the study period, but lower SDI regions, children, and the elderly remain vulnerable and require targeted interventions to further reduce this burden.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseKlebsiella InfectionsKlebsiella pneumoniaeRespiratory Tract InfectionsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansInfantInfant, Newborn

Identifiers

PMID40388463
PMCPMC12088015

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.