Evidence mapPaperPMID 40390100Full record

ReviewTranslational neurodegeneration2025

Nose-to-brain drug delivery: from bench to bedside.

Isabell Drath, Franziska Richter, Malte Feja

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Translational neurodegeneration, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Hypothalamic wars: the last nanodelivery.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Isabell DrathDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
Franziska RichterDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany. franziska.richter@tiho-hannover.de.
Malte FejaDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany. malte.feja@tiho-hannover.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-5495

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is increasing interest in nose-to-brain delivery as an innovative drug delivery strategy for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. The unique anatomy of the nose-brain interface facilitates direct drug transport via the olfactory and trigeminal pathways to the brain, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Different administration techniques as well as advanced drug formulations like targeted nanoparticles and thermoresponsive systems have been explored to improve the delivery efficiency and the therapeutic efficacy. This review provides an up-to-date perspective on this fast-developing field, and discusses different studies on safety and pharmacokinetic properties. A thorough evaluation of preclinical and clinical studies reveals both promises and challenges of this delivery method, highlighting approved drugs for the treatment of epilepsy and migraine that successfully utilize intranasal routes. The current landscape of research on nose-to-brain delivery is critically discussed, and a rationale is provided for ongoing research to optimize therapeutic strategies.

Indexed as

Administration, IntranasalBrainDrug Delivery SystemsNeurodegenerative DiseasesAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierHumansAlzheimer'sIntranasalN2BNanoparticleNeurodegenerative diseaseParkinson's

Identifiers

PMID40390100
PMCPMC12090632

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.