Evidence mapPaperPMID 40392293Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2025

Dietary intake of saturated fatty acids and the risk of incident diabetes: associations by isocaloric substitutions in a nationwide Chinese cohort.

Hao Ye, Fei Wu, Pan Zhuang, Xiaohui Liu, Yin Li, Yu Zhang, Jingjing Jiao

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Article in European journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

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2 citing papers in PubMed.

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7 authors.

Hao Ye *Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
Fei Wu *Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
Pan ZhuangDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Xiaohui LiuDepartment of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
Yin LiDepartment of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
Yu ZhangDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Jingjing JiaoDepartment of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. jingjingjiao@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-1567

Funding

National Nutrition Science Research Grant of China CNS-NNSRG2022-148
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevailing dietary guidelines recommend replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs). However, the relationship between specific types of SFA consumption and the risk of incident diabetes in China remains unclear.

methodsWe analyzed data from 15,021 apparently healthy Chinese adults, aged ≥ 20 years, participating in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Cumulative averages of SFA intake were calculated using 3-day, 24-h dietary recalls from each survey cycle. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for diabetes risk associated with isocaloric substituting carbohydrate or PUFAs with SFAs.

resultsOver 167,698 person-years of follow-up, 1014 incident diabetes were identified. After adjustment for multiple variables, isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates with total SFAs was associated with a lower risk of diabetes (P < 0.001 for trend). The HR (95% CI) among the highest quartile of SFA intake individuals compared to the lowest quartile was 0.56 (0.40-0.79) for even-chain SFAs and 0.53 (0.37-0.76) for long-chain SFAs. Specifically, an inverse association with diabetes risk was observed for isocaloric substituting carbohydrates with lauric acid (12:0) [HRs for increasing quartiles (95% CIs): 0.62 (0.47-0.82), 0.62 (0.44-0.86), and 0.36 (0.24-0.53); P < 0.001 for trend]. No significant association were found between diabetes risk and isocaloric substitutions of carbohydrates with myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), or stearic acid (18:0). Alternations of PUFAs with total SFAs or subtypes of SFAs present similar results.

conclusionsIsocaloric substituting carbohydrates with lauric acid (12:0) was associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes. Given the strong correlation between lauric acid and diabetes, further research is needed to clarify the association and underlying mechanisms.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDietDietary FatsFatty AcidsAdultAgedChinaCohort StudiesDietary CarbohydratesFatty Acids, UnsaturatedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsFatty AcidsFatty Acids, UnsaturatedEven-chain saturated fatty acidIncident diabetesLauric acidSaturated fatty acid

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.