Evidence mapPaperPMID 40393439Full record

ReviewThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2025

Antimicrobial Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comprehensive Landscape Review.

Valentina Totaro, Giacomo Guido, Sergio Cotugno, Elda De Vita, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Giulia Patti, Francesco Vladimiro Segala, Giovanni Putoto, Luisa Frallonardo, Ferenc Balázs Farkas and 5 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Valentina TotaroClinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Giacomo GuidoClinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Sergio CotugnoClinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Elda De VitaClinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Muhammad AsaduzzamanDepartment of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Giulia PattiClinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Francesco Vladimiro SegalaClinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Giovanni PutotoOperational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Padua, Italy.
Luisa FrallonardoClinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Ferenc Balázs FarkasInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Botond LakatosDeparment of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Departmental Group of Infectious Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Nicola VeroneseFaculty of Medicine, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.
Pietro LocantoreUnit of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del SacroCuore, Fondazione Policlinico "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Francesco Di GennaroClinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Annalisa SaracinoClinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), driven by socioeconomic disparities, weak healthcare systems, and inadequate pharmaceutical regulation. This review examines AMR prevalence, drivers, and consequences in SSA, emphasizing the need for urgent interventions. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, including studies published from January 2000 to June 2024. The focus was on AMR epidemiology, public health impacts, and interventions specific to SSA. High resistance rates were identified in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Key drivers include limited healthcare access; antibiotic misuse; poor surveillance; inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure; and poverty. AMR leads to increased mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs, with SSA projected to face 4.1 million AMR-related deaths annually by 2050 without action. Addressing AMR in SSA requires strengthening healthcare systems, expanding surveillance, enforcing pharmaceutical regulations, and enhancing education. International collaboration and funding are essential to mitigate AMR's impacts and support progress toward universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsDrug Resistance, BacterialAfrica South of the SaharaHumansKlebsiella pneumoniaePrevalencePublic HealthAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID40393439
PMCPMC12360106

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.