ReviewNutrition & diabetes2025
TMAO and diabetes: from the gut feeling to the heart of the problem.
Review in Nutrition & diabetes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Blood metabolome of cardiovascular disease, diabetic kidney disease, and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine research · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome through the lens of gut‑derived uremic toxins.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- Targeting Inflammation in Obesity and the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Spectrum: A Narrative Review.Obesity facts · 2026Review
- Trimethylamine N-oxide as a key microbial mediator in the progression of diabetic kidney disease.World journal of nephrology · 2026Article
- Targeting the Gut-Heart Axis in Diabetic Heart Failure: Microbiota and SGLT2is as Converging Therapeutic Frontiers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health: From Dysbiosis to Therapeutics.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Role of Gut Microbiota in Bridging Vitamin D Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Diabetes Mellitus as an Integrated Microbiome, Immune, and Metabolic Disorder with Clinical Implications for Multisystem Complications and Public Health.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Gut and Heart Axis Affects Cardiometabolic Health Through the Ages. A Special Focus on Adolescence.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota-Derived Trimethylamine N-Oxide and NT-proBNP in Heart Failure: A Critical Review of Diagnostic and Prognostic Value.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Personalized Nutrition Through the Gut Microbiome in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Comorbidities.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Role of Gut Microbiota in Diabetic HFpEF: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiota-Insulin Resistance Axis: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Potential.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Review
- Integrating TMAO into the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes: a mini review.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Review
- Establishment of a mouse model of TMAO-induced cardiac injury and application of MICT intervention.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- The oral‒gut axis in periodontal disease: a systematic review of the associated human evidence of its mechanisms and implications for patient care.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Health in the Shadow of Diabetes and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Emerging Paradigm.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Metabolomics: Uncovering Insights into Obesity and Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Gender-specific effects of meat consumption on type 2 diabetes: a narrative review of prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-a compound derived from diet and the gut microbiome-have been widely studied for their association with diabetes risk and their potential role in disease pathophysiology and complications. However, clinical studies, both prospective and retrospective, have yielded conflicting results. For example, elevated levels of TMAO are frequently linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal complications in individuals with diabetes. However, the robustness and independence of these associations differ across study populations and are influenced by the degree of adjustment for confounding risk factors. Considering insulin's regulatory effect on FMO3 activity in liver cells, TMAO may serve as a marker of hepatic insulin resistance, which could partially explain its association with diabetes risk. The role of TMAO in diabetes pathology remains controversial; while some studies emphasize its detrimental impact on insulin sensitivity and the progression of diabetes-related complications, others suggest potential protective effects. Investigating the largely unexplored role of TMAO's precursor, trimethylamine, may help elucidate these discrepancies. This review consolidates clinical and experimental findings to clarify TMAO's complex mechanistic contributions to diabetes pathology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.