ArticleBDJ open2025
Effect of salbutamol-based anti-asthmatic medication on surface roughness and color stability of different types of hybrid ceramics.
Article in BDJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the impact of salbutamol sulfate inhalation on the surface roughness and color stability of hybrid ceramics using an inhaler and nebulizer at different doses over three time periods. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 120 samples of Lava Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (CS), and Nacera Hybrid (NH) were divided into three equal groups. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to the use of inhaler or nebulizer. Each subgroup was subdivided into two divisions according to the minimum and maximum doses of inhalation. The samples were cut rectangular and polished according to the manufacturers' instructions. They were exposed to salbutamol in acrylic boxes and then kept in artificial saliva for 30, 60, and 90 days which was equivalent to 4, 8, and 12 months. The surface roughness and color change (ΔE) were measured before and after exposure to salbutamol via a non-contact profilometer and a reflective spectrophotometer based on CIE L*a*b* respectively. The data were tabulated and statistically analysed using a three-way ANOVA test and the significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05.
resultsCerasmart recorded the highest statistically non-significant roughness change (1.2298 ± 0.331%, P > 0.05). NH had the highest statistically significant ΔE (ΔE = 6.174, P ≤ 0.0001). The maximum dose used in three-month exposure period had the highest statistically significant change in roughness and color (P ≤ 0.0001). Additionally, the inhaler-treated groups presented significantly higher values than the nebulizer-treated groups for ΔE only (P < 0.05). Eventually, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant positive direct relationship between roughness and ΔE (P = 0.013).
conclusionsSalbutamol can significantly affect the color of hybrid ceramics while causing a non-significant increase in their surface roughness.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.