Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40394654›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025

A dual-targeting bio-liposomes nanodrug repair endothelial cell dysfunction and restore macrophage cholesterol flow homeostasis to treat early atherosclerosis.

Qi Zhang, Shengchao Ma, Xue Kang, Yi Liu, Fei Ma, Feifei Yu, Xiaolan Luo, Guizhong Li, Yinju Hao, Huiping Zhang and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Targeting neuroinflammation and PVNMaterials today. Bio · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Endothelial Metabolic Reprogramming Links Diabetes to Atherosclerosis.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Qi Zhang *School of Inspection, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
Shengchao Ma *School of Inspection, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
Xue KangDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
Yi LiuNHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
Fei MaNHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
Feifei YuNHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
Xiaolan LuoSchool of Inspection, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
Guizhong LiNHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
Yinju HaoNHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
Huiping ZhangMedical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. zhp19760820@163.com.
Bin LiuNHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. binliu2001@hotmail.com.
Yideng JiangNHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. jydeng@nxmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Key Projects of the Key R&D Program of the Ning Xia Hui Autonomous Region 2023BEG02074, 2022BFH02013, 2022BEG02054National Natural Science Foundation of China U21A20343Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2024ZD0531200Open Competition Mechanism to Select the Best Candidates for Key Research Projects of Ningxia Medical University XJKF240301, XJKF240304, XJKF230125 and XJKF240326The Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 2023AAC005035
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHy) can lead to vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, progressive inflammation and lipid metabolism disorder, which finally result in the onset and development of atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. Given the complexity of pathological process, treatments based on a single target often showed limited therapeutic efficacy against AS. Thus, developing nanodrug for enhanced multi-targets therapy is promising. In this study, we constructed a dual-targeting nanodrug (HA-ML@ES NPs) co-loaded with Shikonin (SKN) and Evolocumab (Evol). In vitro results showed that HA-ML@ES NPs could simultaneously target dysfunctional endothelial cell and inflammatory macrophage through the interaction between HA and CD44. In vivo assay indicated that HA-ML@ES NPs with long circulation and plaque accumulation efficiently attenuate endothelial cell dysfunction by inhibiting glycolysis and restore cholesterol flow homeostasis in macrophage by reprogramming macrophage phenotype, which finally attenuated the development of atherosclerosis. Collectively, these results present a highly promising dual-cell therapeutic approach based on HA-ML@ES NPs for the management of early atherosclerosis.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisCholesterolEndothelial CellsMacrophagesNanoparticlesAnimalsHomeostasisHumansHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial CellsMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNaphthoquinonesRAW 264.7 CellsCholesterolNaphthoquinonesAtherosclerosisCholesterol flow homeostasisEndothelial cells dysfunctionEvolocumabShikonin

Identifiers

PMID40394654
PMCPMC12090647

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.