ArticleAutophagy2025
Autophagy plays a dual role in chromoplast transition and degradation and is essential for fruit coloration and ripening.
Article in Autophagy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic cues are the main drivers for the differentiation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts and other plastid types.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Selective degradation processes in plants are not limited to autophagy.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- Autophagy finetunes the path to ripe and quality fruit.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Autophagy in plants: molecular mechanisms and roles in abiotic stress responses.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Autophagy-phytohormone crosstalk: a dual-regulation axis in plant development.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The color of tomato fruits is determined by carotenoids. The process involves removing chloroplast-related components and the biogenesis of chromoplast membranes where carotenoids are stored, but how these events are coordinated is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that part of this mechanism involves macroautophagy/autophagy playing dual roles in chromoplast transition and degradation. We have used fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to show that autophagosomes containing chloroplast-derived-vesicles increased significantly during early fruit ripening, which is an essential part of a pathway to the formation of chromoplasts. Interestingly, we also showed that autophagy controls the degradation of the chromoplasts containing carotenoids at the late ripening stage through a process we named chromophagy. This affects fruit color and ABA levels, which were higher in autophagy mutants with a slower turnover of chromoplasts. We concluded that autophagy is a determinant of both fruit coloration and ripening through degrading different plastid-related cargo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.