Evidence mapPaperPMID 40395136Full record

Observational studyDiabetes & metabolism journal2025

Beta-Cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Metabolic Characteristics in Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from Anam Diabetes Observational Study.

Ji Yoon Kim, Jiyoon Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetes & metabolism journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ji Yoon Kim *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Jiyoon Lee *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Sin Gon KimDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Nam Hoon KimDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Funding

Korean Endocrine Society Bid Data Research FundYuhan Corporation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgruoundIn this study, we aimed to determine the metabolic characteristics and changes in the early stages of young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (YOD) in Koreans.

methodsFrom the Anam Diabetes Observational Study cohort (2017-2023), the characteristics of newly diagnosed YOD (<40 years of age, n=39) and later-onset (≥40 years of age) type 2 diabetes mellitus (LOD, n=178) were compared at diagnosis and 1 year later. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test at diagnosis and annually thereafter. β-Cell function was determined using the disposition index (DI), calculated as the insulinogenic index×Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Insulin sensitivity was determined using ISI and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR).

resultsMean (±standard deviation) age of individuals with YOD was 29.8±6.4 years, and 76.9% were male. YOD patients had higher body mass index (29.8 kg/m2 vs. 27.2 kg/m2, P=0.020), fat mass (30.5 kg vs. 24.1 kg, P=0.011), fatty liver index (65.4 vs. 49.2, P=0.005), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level at diagnosis (9.3% vs. 7.7%, P<0.001) compared with LOD patients. YOD patients exhibited lower insulin sensitivity (ISI: 2.79 vs. 3.26, P=0.008; HOMA2-IR: 2.72 vs. 1.83, P<0.001) and β-cell function (DI) at diagnosis (0.41 vs. 0.72, P=0.003) than LOD patients. Following 1 year of treatment, DI improved by 94% in YOD along with improvement in HbA1c; however, it was still significantly lower than that of LOD (0.64 vs. 0.90, P=0.017).

conclusionIndividuals with YOD have unfavorable metabolic characteristics, substantially reduced insulin sensitivity, and decompensated β-cell function at disease onset, which persist even after treatment.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Insulin ResistanceInsulin-Secreting CellsAdultAge of OnsetBlood GlucoseBody Mass IndexFemaleGlucose Tolerance TestGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedRepublic of KoreaYoung AdultBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinDiabetes mellitus, type 2Glycemic controlInsulin resistanceInsulin secretionYoung adult

Identifiers

PMID40395136
PMCPMC12620702

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.