SynthesisVascular medicine (London, England)2025
Association of cognitive impairment and peripheral artery disease (PAD): A systematic review.
Synthesis in Vascular medicine (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of Ankle Brachial Index and Cognitive Function in Elderly Hypertensive Patients: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Chronic hindlimb ischemia exacerbates ischemic stroke by disrupting cerebral hemodynamics and glycerophospholipid metabolism in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Peripheral Microvascular and Endothelial Dysfunction as Predictors of Cognitive Decline and Small Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to describe the association between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and cognitive impairment or dementia. We included studies reporting on the association between PAD (defined by ankle-brachial index ⩽ 0.9) and cognitive function in adult populations. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL were systematically searched from inception to January 2025. Study quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies of Exposure effects (ROBINS-E) tool. A narrative synthesis was undertaken structured by cognitive outcome and study design. Thirty-eight studies were included in the review (58,586 participants). The results provide evidence that PAD is associated with cognitive impairment. Seventeen (81%) cross-sectional studies and four (67%) longitudinal studies reported associations of PAD with poorer cognitive performance or increased risk of cognitive impairment. Impaired memory and processing speed were most frequently associated with PAD. PAD was also associated with increased dementia risk in cross-sectional (odds ratios = 1.50-2.41) and longitudinal studies (hazard ratios = 1.03-2.40), although proportionally fewer longitudinal studies reported significant association of PAD with dementia. Results suggest increased prevalence of cognitive impairment, independent of cardiovascular risk factors and cerebrovascular disease. Awareness of the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its potential impact on treatment adherence and engagement in a healthy lifestyle is important for clinicians treating patients with PAD. Screening for cognitive impairment in those with PAD may aid early diagnosis and management of cognitive impairment in this high-risk population. Further research is required to determine whether screening for and optimal management of PAD has cognitive benefits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.