ArticleBMJ open2025
Synthesis using prospective meta-analysis to reduce youths' e-cigarette use (SPARKE): a protocol for an individual participant data prospective meta-analysis (IPD PMA) examining interventions for the prevention of youth e-cigarette use.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interventions to prevent or cease electronic cigarette use in children and adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionYouth electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is a global health challenge, with multiple jurisdictions wrestling with appropriate responses, in the face of limited evidence available on effective interventions. Identifying and synthesising evidence on the effects of interventions to prevent youth e-cigarette use is required to inform prevention-focussed health policy and practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We plan to undertake an individual participant data (IPD) prospective meta-analysis (PMA). We will conduct systematic searches to identify eligible planned or ongoing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using trial registries via WHO ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov and databases Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and Europe PMC. We will also search grant websites for additional studies. We will include any RCT of e-cigarette and cigarette prevention interventions for youth including non-smoking and non-vaping youth aged 10 to 19 years, with no intervention, waitlist, usual care or active control. Primary outcomes will be measures of current or ever e-cigarette use. Secondary outcomes include measures of current and ever cigarette (conventional cigarette) use.Investigators from relevant trials will be invited to join the Synthesis using Prospective meta-Analysis to Reduce youths' E-cigarette use (SPARKE) consortium prior to trial outcomes being known using harmonised methods. They are then asked to share their data within 12 months of trial completion.The primary outcomes will be analysed in a two-stage IPD meta-analysis model under an intention-to-treat framework. First, effect estimates and variances will be calculated for each trial with log-binomial regression models adjusting for key prognostic factors. For cluster RCTs, a nested random effect will be specified within trials to account for correlations within clusters. Second, effect estimates will be combined across trials in a random treatment effect, inverse variance meta-analysis model. Effect estimates will be reported as relative risk ratios with 95% CIs. DISCUSSION: This study aims to generate and expedite the synthesis of data regarding prevention interventions for adolescent e-cigarette use to inform real-world decision making. Findings will be of interest to key stakeholders, including policy makers and research funders. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Each trial will be responsible for obtaining their own ethics approval. While secondary analysis of data does not usually require ethics approval, we have received cross-institutional ethics approval from the University of Sydney (2023/714) and the University of Newcastle (H-2023-0389).
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.