Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40399749›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

Kynurenine pathway metabolite alterations in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.

Rafaela Gomes Dos Reis, Monique Patricio Singulani, Orestes Vicente Forlenza, Wagner Farid Gattaz, Leda Leme Talib

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Immune-proteo-metabolomic changes link to Aβ and tau pathology in Alzheimer disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Kynurenine pathway metabolite alterations in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rafaela Gomes Dos ReisLaboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Monique Patricio SingulaniLaboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Orestes Vicente ForlenzaLaboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Wagner Farid GattazLaboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Leda Leme TalibLaboratory of Neuroscience (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-5866-1993

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 88882.327650/2022-01Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 88887.627097/2021-01Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2021/06378-1Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria 2014/50873-3Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria 465412/2014-9Programa Nacional de Apoio à Atenção da Saúde da Pessoa com Deficiência 25000.002058/2020-71
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDown syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder that leads to intellectual disability and accelerated aging, increasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathophysiology of AD and DS is multifactorial, involving amyloid precursor protein overexpression, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. This study investigates kynurenine pathway metabolites in elderly individuals with DS (with/without cognitive decline), AD, and cognitively healthy controls to clarify their roles in these pathogeneses.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving DS, AD, and healthy participants. Plasma levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and quinolinic acid were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodology.

resultsElevated kynurenine and other neuroprotective metabolites were found in DS individuals without cognitive decline, while significant differences in neurotoxic metabolites were observed between groups. DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest a link between kynurenine pathway dysregulation and cognitive decline, indicating alterations in DS and AD. HIGHLIGHTS: There are altered kynurenine pathway metabolites in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Elevated neuroprotective metabolites are found in Down syndrome without cognitive decline. Significant differences in neurotoxic metabolites among study groups were analyzed. There is a potential link between kynurenine pathway dysregulation and cognitive decline. The study provides insights into metabolic changes in aging and neurodegeneration.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDown SyndromeKynurenine3-Hydroxyanthranilic AcidAgedChromatography, LiquidCognitive DysfunctionCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle Agedortho-AminobenzoatesQuinolinic AcidTandem Mass SpectrometryTryptophan3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid3-hydroxykynurenineanthranilic acidKynurenineortho-AminobenzoatesQuinolinic AcidTryptophanAlzheimer's diseasecognitive declineDown syndromekynurenine pathwayplasma biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID40399749
PMCPMC12094884

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.