ReviewJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2025
Prescribing controlled substances in sleep medicine clinics: an overview of legal issues and best safety practices.
Review in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThis review describes the legal and regulatory landscape surrounding controlled substance prescribing in sleep medicine, focusing on the Controlled Substances Act, Drug Enforcement Agency, and best practices. It explores abuse and dependence risks associated with these medications and addresses telemedicine and e-prescribing considerations.
methodsWe synthesized information from the Controlled Substances Act, Drug Enforcement Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Federation of State Medical Boards, peer-reviewed medical literature, and professional organizational position statements regarding controlled substances in sleep medicine.
resultsManaging controlled substances in sleep medicine necessitates careful consideration of Drug Enforcement Agency scheduling, regulatory requirements, and potential risks. Opioids pose a risk of dependence or abuse, but the lower doses used in sleep medicine may mitigate this risk. There is less evidence available regarding the abuse potential of stimulants. Hypnotics and benzodiazepines require cautious prescribing due to the potential for long-term use by patients and possibility of dose escalation. Oxybates are subject to strict risk evaluation and mitigation strategy programs. Best practices include comprehensive patient evaluations, thorough risk assessments, prescription drug monitoring program checks, and transparent patient communication. Telemedicine prescribing is governed by strict regulatory statutes, with temporary exceptions currently in place.
conclusionsControlled substances are vital for managing various sleep disorders. Balancing patient access to effective medications while minimizing abuse and diversion is crucial. Further research is needed to refine risk assessment tools and develop standardized protocols, particularly for nonopioids. The evolving role of telemedicine and e-prescriptions requires ongoing evaluation and adaptation of practices to ensure patient safety and regulatory adherence. CITATION: Kolla BP, Silber MH, Rushlow DR, Ramar K, Mansukhani MP. Prescribing controlled substances in sleep medicine clinics: an overview of legal issues and best safety practices.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.