Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40403763›Full record

ArticleDiabetes & metabolism journal2026

Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Improves Insulin Sensitivity by Regulating Adipose Tissue Macrophage Polarization in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Dan-Gyeong Song, Seongwon Pak, Dae-Chul Shin, Shindy Soedono, Kae Won Cho, Yejin Park, Subin Moon, Sooyeon Jang, Saeha Kim, Sang-Won Han and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes & metabolism journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Dan-Gyeong SongDepartment of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Seongwon PakDepartment of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Dae-Chul ShinDepartment of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Shindy SoedonoSoonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea.
Kae Won ChoSoonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea.
Yejin ParkDepartment of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Subin MoonDepartment of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Sooyeon JangDepartment of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Saeha KimDepartment of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Sang-Won HanInstitute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Keunwook LeeDepartment of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Jong-Hee SohnInstitute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Chan Hee LeeDepartment of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.

Funding

Korea Health Industry Development InstituteMinistry of Health and Welfare HR21C0198Ministry of Science and ICTNational Research Foundation of Korea 2022R1C1C1004187National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2023-00223501
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgruoundObesity is a rapidly increasing global health issue, which is associated with glucose and insulin resistance. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors (PDE5i) are known for their ability to enhance blood flow and vascular stability and are widely used to treat conditions such as erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and cancer. However, studies investigating the role of PDE5i in alleviating obesity and metabolic diseases remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PDE5i on obesity and metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice and its underlying mechanisms.

methodsPDE5i was administered to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice for 6 to 7 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly, and baseline metabolic rates, physical activity, and glucose and insulin tolerance tests were assessed during PDE5i administration. Macrophages and T-cells in the gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Vascular stability and blood flow in gWAT were analyzed via immunostaining and in vivo live imaging. RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages were used to determine immunoregulatory effects of PDE5i.

resultsIn HFD-fed mice, PDE5i administration significantly enhanced systemic insulin sensitivity and AKT phosphorylation in gWAT. PDE5i reduced the M1/M2 ratio of gWAT macrophages of obese mice. These phenomena were associated with enhanced blood flow to the gWAT. In vitro experiments revealed that PDE5i suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and increased the mRNA expression of genes associated with M2 polarization.

conclusionPDE5i plays a role in regulating adipose tissue inflammation and thus holds promise as a therapeutic agent for metabolic enhancement.

Indexed as

Adipose TissueInsulin ResistanceMacrophagesObesityPhosphodiesterase 5 InhibitorsAnimalsDiet, High-FatMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, ObesePhosphodiesterase 5 InhibitorsAdipose tissueInsulin resistanceMacrophagesObesityPhosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40403763
PMCPMC12996963

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.