Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40404168›Full record

Trial reportBJU international2025

A study of oral metformin for the intravesical treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Jons W van Hattum, Marinka J Remmelink, Sieb T Nuijens, Ben Max de Ruiter, Gerrit K J Hooijer, Jorg R Oddens, C Dilara Savci-Heijink, Ron Mathot, J Alfred Witjes, Michael N Pollak and 3 more

Abstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BJU international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jons W van HattumDepartment of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0528-9512
Marinka J RemmelinkDepartment of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-5373
Sieb T NuijensDepartment of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-6479
Ben Max de RuiterDepartment of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Gerrit K J HooijerDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jorg R OddensDepartment of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
C Dilara Savci-HeijinkDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ron MathotDepartment of Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Alfred WitjesDepartment of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Michael N PollakSegal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
Theo M de ReijkeDepartment of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Remco J MolenaarDepartment of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Hanneke W WilminkDepartment of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

Stichting Cure for CancerStichting Urologie 1973The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development 848082004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo evaluate the effect of metformin on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) marker lesions. PATIENTS AND

methodsA phase II, open-label, multicentre, marker lesion trial using oral metformin in patients with primary or recurrent, multiple, low-grade Ta-T1 NMIBC was conducted. After transurethral resection for histological confirmation, leaving one tumour as a marker lesion, 11 patients were treated with oral metformin up to 3000 mg per day for 3 months. Reported outcomes included response of the marker lesion, safety of metformin, quality of life and pharmacological and immunohistochemical examinations of the mechanism of action of metformin.

resultsOne complete response and one partial response were observed. In the other nine patients, the marker lesion remained, while five of these patients also developed new Ta low-grade lesions. Diarrhoea grade ≤ 2 was the most common adverse event (AE), observed in nine out of 11 patients. No serious AEs related to study treatment occurred. Metformin concentrations in the urine were significantly higher than metformin levels in the blood. Immunohistochemical analysis before and after treatment showed no difference in expression of markers associated with the mechanism of metformin.

conclusionWe did not find conclusive evidence for the hypothesis of an antitumour effect of metformin in bladder cancer.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsMetforminUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsAdministration, IntravesicalAdministration, OralAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm InvasivenessNon-Muscle Invasive Bladder NeoplasmsTreatment OutcomeAntineoplastic AgentsMetforminmarker lesionmetforminnon‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancertreatmenturothelial carcinoma

Identifiers

PMID40404168
PMCPMC12415309

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.