Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40405092›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025

Therapeutic options for the treatment of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: a scoping review.

Yu Bin Seo, Yu Jung Choi, Jun-Won Seo, Eun Jung Kim, Jacob Lee, Joon Young Song

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Assessment and management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary complications: a rapid review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Special Issue: Molecular Research and Insights into COVID-19: 2nd Edition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yu Bin Seo *Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yu Jung Choi *Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jun-Won SeoDepartments of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Eun Jung KimHealth, Welfare, Family and Gender Equality Team, National Assembly Research Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jacob LeeDivision of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Joon Young SongDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. infection@korea.ac.kr.

Funding

Korea Health Industry Development Institute HD22C2045
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis scoping review aimed to summarize the available studies to address the question of which therapeutic agents can be utilized for patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).

methodsWe conducted a systematic search in medical databases, including PubMed and Embase, for studies aligned with our objectives published between January 1, 2020, and July 22, 2024. For each study, we summarized the main symptoms targeted, study design, therapeutic regimens, evaluation tools, and clinical outcomes.

resultsA total of 413 studies were identified, and 39 studies were included in this review based on relevance to the research objectives. We primarily focused on high-level evidence studies, such as meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials, but observational studies were included when evidence was scarce. Therapeutic agents evaluated included hyperbaric oxygen, ivermectin, metformin, naltrexone, micronutrient supplements, antifibrotic agents, antiviral agents, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Among these, hyperbaric oxygen, antifibrotic agents, antiviral agents, and SSRIs demonstrated promising results. However, the heterogeneity of PASC symptoms posed challenges in synthesizing findings for specific symptom-based outcomes.

conclusionGiven the heterogeneity of symptoms, this review highlights the need for standardized and targeted research to better address the diverse therapeutic needs of patients with PASC. CLINICAL TRIAL: Not applicable.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeAntiviral AgentsHumansHyperbaric OxygenationAntiviral AgentsLong COVIDPASCPost-acute COVID-19 syndromeTherapeutic agents

Identifiers

PMID40405092
PMCPMC12096624

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.