ArticleBMC psychiatry2025
Exploring the relationship between cue-induced craving and withdrawal craving in MUD individuals based on a virtual-reality cue exposure paradigm.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Virtual reality-based cue exposure therapy reduces psychological craving in men with methamphetamine use disorder: a randomized controlled trial.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Relationship between attentional bias and psychological craving in methamphetamine use disorder.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study developed a virtual reality (VR) drug cue exposure paradigm for individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) to investigate the characteristics of withdrawal craving and cue-induced craving and their relationship.
methodsA total of 150 male participants diagnosed with MUD completed questionnaires to assess their demographic characteristics and substance addiction profiles. Withdrawal craving for methamphetamine (MA) was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). VR technology was utilized to expose participants to three types of scenarios: neutral scenes, MA-related paraphernalia, and drug-use scene, while cue-induced craving in different scenes was assessed using the VAS in VR environment.
resultsThe results showed that:1) In the VR cue environment, MUD participants' craving in the drug use scene was significantly higher than in the neutral and MA paraphernalia scenes (p < 0.001) and significantly higher than the pre-exposure withdrawal craving (p < 0.05). 2) Withdrawal craving scores were positively correlated with craving scores in all three VR scenarios (p < 0.01). 3) Both withdrawal craving and cue-induced craving scores were positively correlated with the total score of the MUD severity scale (p < 0.05). Withdrawal craving scores were positively correlated with MA use dosage and abstinence duration (p < 0.05).
conclusionThese findings suggest that the VR-based cue exposure paradigm can serve as an effective tool for assessing MA-related cue-induced craving. By identifying specific scenarios that elicit strong craving responses, this study provides a foundation for designing immersive VR therapies that can reduce craving and prevent relapse, potentially enhancing treatment outcomes for MUD. It contributes to a deeper understanding of the roles of withdrawal craving and cue-induced craving in the addiction process and their interrelationship.
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Registered trials
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