ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Optimal fractionation scheme for lymphocyte infiltration in glioblastoma multiforme radiotherapy.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: Radioresistant and immunosuppressive tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), remain a challenge, as current clinical approaches-surgical resection and chemoradiation-do not yet provide effective treatment. Materials and methods: Two orthotopic rat glioma models with differing vascularization and immunogenicity were irradiated with three dose fractionation schemes. Tumor immune cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: A single high dose (25 Gy) or extreme hypofractionation is required to elicit a significant immune infiltration in tumors. Conclusions: Using RT as an immune primer in GBM would require very high and toxic doses with conventional RT methods. While 25 Gy is used in conventional stereotactic radiosurgery, such a high dose is typically limited to small brain volumes. Novel approaches, such as FLASH-RT or minibeam RT, offer alternatives to mitigate toxicity while achieving the required doses.
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