Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40410169›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Fusogenic lipid nanoparticles for rapid delivery of large therapeutic molecules to exosomes.

Gamsong Son, Jiyoung Song, Jae Chul Park, Hong Nam Kim, Hojun Kim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Gamsong Son *Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-2242-9342
Jiyoung Song *Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Jae Chul ParkCenter for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1157-4275
Hong Nam KimDivision of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. hongnam.kim@kist.re.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0329-0029
Hojun KimDivision of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. cuboplex@kist.re.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7974-1044

Funding

Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (iPET) RS-2024-00396818National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) RS-2023-00209955National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) RS-2024-00395393National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) RS-2024-00424551
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exosomes, as cell-derived lipid nanoparticles, are promising drug carriers because they can traverse challenging physiological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, a major obstacle in utilizing exosomes as drug carriers is loading large therapeutic molecules without compromising the structural integrity of embedded biomolecules. Here, we introduce a membrane fusion method utilizing fusogenic lipid nanoparticles, cubosomes, to load large molecules into exosomes in a non-destructive manner. When the drug-loaded cubosome and exosome solutions are simply mixed, membrane fusion is completed in just 10 min. Our method effectively loads doxorubicin and immunoglobulin G into exosomes. Moreover, even the most challenging molecule-mRNA-is loaded with nearly 100% efficiency, demonstrating the versatility of our approach. In terms of biological behavior, the resulting hybrid exosomes preserve the functional behavior of exosomes in BBB uptake and penetration. Surprisingly, controlling exosome-to-cubosome ratios allows precise control over BBB uptake and transport. Furthermore, these hybrid exosomes retain cell-specific delivery properties, preserving the targeted delivery functions dictated by their exosomal origin. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a mix-and-load method for rapid and efficient drug loading into exosomes, with significant potential for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Indexed as

Drug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsExosomesLipidsNanoparticlesAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierDoxorubicinHumansImmunoglobulin GLiposomesMembrane FusionMiceDoxorubicinDrug CarriersImmunoglobulin GLipid NanoparticlesLipidsLiposomes

Identifiers

PMID40410169
PMCPMC12102247

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.