Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40411982›Full record

ArticleClinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology2025

Reliability of short interval cortical inhibition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Donald L Gilbert, David A Huddleston, Karlee Y Migneault, Deana Crocetti, Paul S Horn, Steve W Wu, Stewart H Mostofsky

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Donald L GilbertDivision of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States. Electronic address: Donald.gilbert@cchmc.org.
David A HuddlestonDivision of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States. Electronic address: david.huddleston@cchmc.org.
Karlee Y MigneaultDivision of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States. Electronic address: karlee.migneault@cchmc.org.
Deana CrocettiCenter for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: crocetti@kennedykrieger.org.
Paul S HornDivision of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States. Electronic address: Paul.horn@cchmc.org.
Steve W WuDivision of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States. Electronic address: Steve.wu@cchmc.org.
Stewart H MostofskyCenter for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States. Electronic address: Mostofsky@kennedykrieger.org.

Funding

Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research CentersP50HD103538 · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · 2025 to 2025
$1.2M
NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103538NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085328NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH095014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveUtility of biomarkers depends on test-retest consistency. Reduced Short Interval Cortical Inhibition (SICI) has emerged as a consistent finding in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); however, test-retest has not been established for children with ADHD. This is particularly crucial given that Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) motor evoked potential (MEP)-based measures have high intra-subject variability and susceptibility to state-effects on motor cortex excitability. Addressing this, the objective of this study was to estimate test-retest reliability of paired-pulse SICI and of Intracortical Facilitation (ICF) in children, including those with ADHD and typically developing (TD) controls.

methodsSixty-four 8-to-12-year-old children (28 female; 35 ADHD; 29 TD) were recruited at two sites and SICI and ICF measured across two visits separated by 21 days. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) were calculated.

resultsGood reliability for SICI (ICC > 0.75), but only moderate for ICF (ICC > 0.50), was found among ADHD children, after accounting for test-pulse MEP amplitudes (>0.25 mV) and outliers.

conclusionsThese findings support the potential for SICI as a biomarker of ADHD in school-aged children. SIGNIFICANCE: This research addresses a critical gap in clinical neurophysiology, as estimating the reliability of SICI is needed to utilize it in interventional or longitudinal studies.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityEvoked Potentials, MotorMotor CortexNeural InhibitionTranscranial Magnetic StimulationChildFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderBiomarkerChildrenMotor cortexShort interval cortical inhibitionTranscranial magnetic stimulation

Identifiers

PMID40411982
PMCPMC12250949

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.