ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2025
Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions in the global burden and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a secondary analysis of GBD 2021.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Molecular Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease and the Complementary Role of Engineered Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Current advances in 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.Molecular diversity · 2026Review
- Multi-omics identification of haptoglobin as a novel target for increased Alzheimer's disease risk associated with obesity through inhibiting the phagocytosis of Aβ by disease-associated microglia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Study on Regulatory Mechanism ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The burden and trends of late-onset multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias among adults aged 55 and older, spanning from 1990 to 2021, with projections through 2050.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Ageing, Wealth, and Diet: A Global Cross-National Analysis of Cereal Consumption and Dementia Risk.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2026Article
- Smoking-Attributable Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease from 1990 to 2021: Temporal Trends and Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential ofJournal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Exposome influences: a multi-omics perspective on the combined toxic effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Dynamic trends, spatial clustering, and multi-model projections of the global burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: an analysis of GBD 1990-2021 data to 2050.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Targeting Amyloid-β Proteins as Potential Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics: Anti-Amyloid Drug Discovery, Emerging Therapeutics, Clinical Trials and Implications for Public Health.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Trends and cross-country inequalities in the global burden of neurodevelopmental disorders among children aged 0-14 from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe study aimed to analyze the long-term trends in the global burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias(ADOD) in different regions, and assess the association between socio-demographic index(SDI) and disease burden.
methodsWe extracted data on the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs), and age-standardized rates related to ADOD, as disease burden measures from 1990 to 2021. The joinpoint regression, quantile regression and restricted cubic splines were adopted to estimate the temporal trends and relationships with SDI. Risk factors for deaths and DALYs were also analyzed.
resultsGlobally, 9.84 million cases of ADOD occurred in 2021, with 1.95 million ADOD-related deaths, causing 36.33 million DALYs. ADOD incidence, mortality and DALYs all increased from 1990 to 2021. Regional and sex variations persisted, with the fastest increase in age-standardized death rate in low-middle SDI quintiles, experienced the highest estimated annual percentage changes (0.41[0.31,0.52]). The incidence of ADOD increased more rapidly as SDI increased in areas that have historically shown lower incidence compared to other areas. In regions with higher mortality or DALYs burden, these indicators decreased relatively faster as SDI increased. High fasting plasma glucose was the main risk factor, particularly in high SDI region, with an increasing trend in attributable burden. The burden attributable to high BMI was increasing, whereas the burden associated with smoking steadily decreased.
conclusionADOD poses a significant and escalating challenge to healthcare sustainability, with persistent regional and gender disparities. By learning from successful ADOD management in certain nations, we can proactively reduce health burdens and bridge disparities between countries at various developmental levels.
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