Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40419648›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

Approved trends and product characteristics of digital therapeutics in four countries.

Jun Liang, Qichuan Fang, Xiaoyi Jiao, Peng Xiang, Junhao Ma, Zijiao Zhang, Yongcheng Liu, Yunfan He, Yingjun Li, Zhixu He and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jun Liang *Department of AI and IT, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Qichuan Fang *School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Xiaoyi Jiao *Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Peng Xiang *Department of AI and IT, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Junhao MaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
Zijiao ZhangSchool of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Yongcheng LiuNetEase ThunderFire UX User Experience Center, Netease Group, Hangzhou, China.
Yunfan HeSchool of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yingjun LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
Zhixu HeCenter of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University; Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China. hezhixu2024@163.com.
Jianbo LeiClinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China. jblei@hsc.pku.edu.cn.

Funding

Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center QWYH2022341Hainan Province Science and Technology special fund ZDYF2022SHFZ292Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province 2024C03215Municipal Natural Science Foundation of Beijing 7222306National TCM innovation team and talent support projects ZYYCXTD-C-202210Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China LY22H180001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Digital therapeutics (DTx) provide innovative treatment options. In this study, we identified and compared approved DTx in China, the US, Germany, and Belgium. In total, 507 DTx applications were identified (US, 192; China, 235; Germany, 55; Belgium, 25). China has approved the most, whereas the US initiated approval as early as 2017. In China, most DTx applications focus on disease treatment (88.09%), particularly for neurological (45.96%) and ophthalmic (21.28%) diseases. The US and Belgium emphasize disease management (US: 52.60%, Belgium: 72.00%), whereas Germany focuses on the treatment of mental and behavioral disorders (47.27%). Regarding therapeutic approaches, China's DTx predominantly utilizes computerized cognitive correction (26.38%), whereas the US and Belgium primarily rely on health status monitoring (US, 44.27%; Belgium, 80.00%). Germany's DTx primarily employs cognitive behavioral therapy (69.09%). An online database was established to ensure ease of access. Future studies should focus on generating further evidence to support the broader adoption of DTx.

Identifiers

PMID40419648
PMCPMC12106666

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.