Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40419802›Full record

ArticleClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2026

Left ventricular deformation predicts major adverse cardiac events following acute myocardial infarction independently of afterload and ventricular-arterial coupling.

Sören J Backhaus, Jan S Wolter, Thomas Stiermaier, Alexander Schulz, Torben Lange, Shelby Kutty, Maren Weferling, Julia M Treiber, Johannes T Kowallick, Gerd Hasenfuß and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sören J BackhausDepartment of Cardiology, Campus Kerckhoff of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2683-6418
Jan S WolterDepartment of Cardiology, Campus Kerckhoff of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Thomas StiermaierUniversity Heart Center Lübeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
Alexander SchulzUniversity Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
Torben LangeUniversity Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
Shelby KuttyHelen B. Taussig Heart Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Maren WeferlingDepartment of Cardiology, Campus Kerckhoff of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Julia M TreiberDepartment of Cardiology, Campus Kerckhoff of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Johannes T KowallickFORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany.
Gerd HasenfußUniversity Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
Andreas RolfDepartment of Cardiology, Campus Kerckhoff of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Samuel SossallaDepartment of Cardiology, Campus Kerckhoff of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Holger ThieleDepartment of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Ingo EitelUniversity Heart Center Lübeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
Andreas SchusterUniversity Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany. andreas_schuster@gmx.net.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLoad dependence on left ventricular (LV) strain is under constant debate with its interference with prognostic implications remaining unclear. Consequently, we sought to investigate their interaction and prognostic value following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using state-of-the-art cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.

methodsIn total, 1235 patients (n = 795 ST-elevation [STEMI] and 440 non-STEMI) underwent CMR in median 3 days following AMI. Infarct characteristics were described by CMR using tissue characterisation (infarct size, microvascular obstruction, area at risk) and deformation imaging including LV global longitudinal and circumferential strain (GLS/GCS). Non-invasive haemodynamic indices included effective arterial elastance Ea (end-systolic pressure (ESP)/stroke volume) and the non-geometric LV end-systolic afterload index NGI [(ESP × LV end-systolic volume (ESV))/LV mass] for estimation of LV afterload. LV contractility was assessed using end-systolic elastance Ees (ESP/LV ESV). Ventriculo-arterial coupling was described as Ea/Ees. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were recorded within the first year.

resultsAll haemodynamic indices were impaired in patients with MACE during follow-up compared to patients without (p < 0.001-0.005). Ventriculo-arterial coupling showed the highest correlation to infarct properties (infarct size r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and deformation imaging (GLS r = 0.54, GCS r = 0.72, p < 0.001). GLS and GCS were associated with MACE independently of all haemodynamic indices (p < 0.001 for all except of GCS-Ea/Ees p = 0.024).

conclusionsNon-invasive haemodynamic indices are associated with outcome following AMI with ventriculo-arterial coupling showing the most prominent association to infarct properties and outcome. GCS showed higher correlation to haemodynamic indices compared to GLS whilst both are independent predictors for MACE.

Indexed as

Heart VentriclesMagnetic Resonance Imaging, CineMyocardial ContractionMyocardial InfarctionST Elevation Myocardial InfarctionStroke VolumeVentricular Function, LeftAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlobal Longitudinal StrainHumansMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsPrognosisAcute myocardial infarctionAfterloadContractilityOutcomeStrain

Identifiers

PMID40419802
PMCPMC13562202

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.