Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40420833›Full record

ArticleGut microbes2025

Microbiome signatures of virulence in the oral-gut-brain axis influence Parkinson's disease and cognitive decline pathophysiology.

Frederick Clasen, Suleyman Yildirim, Muzaffer Arıkan, Fernando Garcia-Guevara, Lűtfű Hanoğlu, Nesrin H Yılmaz, Aysu Şen, Handan Kaya Celik, Alagoz Aybala Neslihan, Tuǧçe Kahraman Demir and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gut microbes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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  8. [Recent Research Progress and Prospects on Periodontitis Affecting Systemic Comorbidities via the Oral-Gut Axis].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Frederick ClasenCentre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Suleyman YildirimDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Medipol University International School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Muzaffer ArıkanDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Medipol University International School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Fernando Garcia-GuevaraCentre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Lűtfű HanoğluNeuroscience Graduate Program and Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Tűrkiye.
Nesrin H YılmazDepartment of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Tűrkiye.
Aysu ŞenDepartment of Neurology, Bakırkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Tűrkiye.
Handan Kaya CelikDepartment of Neurology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
Alagoz Aybala NeslihanDepartment of Neurology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
Tuǧçe Kahraman DemirDepartment of Electroneurophysiology, Vocational School, Biruni University, Istanbul, Tűrkiye.
Zeynep TemelDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University, Istanbul, Tűrkiye.
Adil MardinogluCentre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
David L MoyesCentre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Mathias UhlenScience for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Saeed ShoaieCentre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5834-4533

Funding

BBSRC BB/S016899/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human microbiome is increasingly recognized for its crucial role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. While the gut-brain axis has been extensively studied, the contribution of the oral microbiome and gut-oral tropism in neurodegeneration has been largely overlooked. Cognitive impairment (CI) is common in neurodegenerative diseases and develops on a spectrum. In Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients, CI is one of the most common non-motor symptoms but its mechanistic development across the spectrum remains unclear, complicating early diagnosis of at-risk individuals. Here, we generated 228 shotgun metagenomics samples of the gut and oral microbiomes across PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) or dementia (PDD), and a healthy cohort, to study the role of gut and oral microbiomes on CI in PD. In addition to revealing compositional and functional signatures, the role of pathobionts, and dysregulated metabolic pathways of the oral and gut microbiome in PD-MCI and PDD, we also revealed the importance of oral-gut translocation in increasing abundance of virulence factors in PD and CI. The oral-gut virulence was further integrated with saliva metaproteomics and demonstrated their potential role in dysfunction of host immunity and brain endothelial cells. Our findings highlight the significance of the oral-gut-brain axis and underscore its potential for discovering novel biomarkers for PD and CI.

Indexed as

BacteriaBrainCognitive DysfunctionGastrointestinal MicrobiomeMouthParkinson DiseaseAgedFemaleHumansMaleMetagenomicsMiddle AgedSalivaVirulenceVirulence FactorsVirulence Factorscognitive impairmentmicrobiomeOral-gut-brain axisparkinson’s diseasevirulence

Identifiers

PMID40420833
PMCPMC12118390

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.