Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40420944›Full record

ReviewMediators of inflammation2025

IL-6 and Olfactory Dysfunction: Focus on Changes, Effects, and Mechanisms.

Xiao-Yu Song, Ya-Kui Mou, Han-Rui Wang, Yao Wang, Wan-Chen Liu, Ting Yang, Cai-Yu Sun, Chao Ren, Xi-Cheng Song

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xiao-Yu SongDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6783-1728
Ya-Kui MouDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-0145
Han-Rui WangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-0908
Yao WangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0698-5811
Wan-Chen LiuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
Ting YangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
Cai-Yu SunDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
Chao RenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5418-3354
Xi-Cheng SongDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9789-1318

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The sense of smell is vital for human life and risk identification. Many diseases can cause olfactory disorders, and early identification and intervention of olfactory disorders are crucial. Currently, the diagnosis of olfactory disorders in clinical practice mostly relies on subjective visual analog scale (VAS) evaluations, expensive and complex imaging, and neurophysiological examinations, which lead to poor patient compliance and low completion rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel, objective, easily detectable biological indicators. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory factor that is closely associated with olfactory dysfunction in various diseases. However, the role of IL-6 in the occurrence and development of olfactory disorders is not yet clear, which limits its clinical application. This article reviews the changes and possible mechanisms of IL-6 in various diseases associated with olfactory disorders, with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical application of IL-6 as a biomarker for olfactory disorders and promoting an in-depth exploration of its mechanism in the occurrence and development of olfactory disorders.

Indexed as

Interleukin-6Olfaction DisordersAnimalsBiomarkersHumansSmellBiomarkersInterleukin-6biomarkersIL-6inflammationmechanismolfactory dysfunction

Identifiers

PMID40420944
PMCPMC12105899

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.