Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40420948›Full record

ReviewDrug design, development and therapy2025

Exploring the Potential of Pyridine Carboxylic Acid Isomers to Discover New Enzyme Inhibitors.

Sana Yaqoob, Farooq-Ahmad Khan, Nimra Tanveer, Shujaat Ali, Abdul Hameed, Hesham El-Seedi, Zi-Hua Jiang, Yan Wang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Drug design, development and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sana Yaqoob *Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
Farooq-Ahmad Khan *Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-0771-8184
Nimra TanveerThird World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Shujaat AliThird World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Abdul HameedDepartment of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan.
Hesham El-SeediDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia.
Zi-Hua JiangDepartment of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5864-9249
Yan WangKey Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0001-9786-7492

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pyridine carboxylic acid isomers - picolinic acid, nicotinic acid, and isonicotinic acid - have historically resulted in a plethora of drugs against tuberculosis, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's, angina, dementia, depression, allergy, respiratory acidosis, psoriasis, acne, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, HIV/AIDS (specifically HIV-1), among others. Despite the large number of therapeutic agents derived from these isomers, the research involving these scaffolds is still exceptionally active. The current surge in enzyme inhibitory activities by the compounds derived from them has further created space for the discovery of new drug candidates. This review focuses on the medicinal relevance of these isomers by analyzing structure-activity relationships (SARs) and highlighting emerging trends from patents filed over the last decade. Notably, pharmaceutical giants like Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Curis, and Aurigene have developed enzyme inhibitors based on these scaffolds with nanomolar potency. The role of these isomers in the development of antiviral agents, including protease inhibitors, is also discussed. Overall, this review brings to the readers, a pragmatic opportunity to comprehend the recent literature, highlighting the scaffolds' importance in the design of new enzyme inhibitors. Furthermore, it discusses the structure-activity relationship of pyridine carboxylic acid-derived compounds and highlights the current patenting trends in medicinal chemistry.

Indexed as

Carboxylic AcidsDrug DiscoveryEnzyme InhibitorsPyridinesHumansIsomerismMolecular StructureStructure-Activity RelationshipCarboxylic AcidsEnzyme InhibitorsPyridinescurrent trendenzyme inhibitorsnitrogen heterocyclespatentspharmaceuticalspyridinesubstituent effect

Identifiers

PMID40420948
PMCPMC12104547

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.