ArticleAging and disease2025
Layer-Specific Colocalization of Microglia with Amyloid Plaques in the Middle Temporal Gyrus Predicts Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in Aging and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nutritional substrates and microglial metabolic fitness in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease: from lipid handling to TREM2-linked translation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- The APOE4-estrogen-microglia axis in perimenopausal cognitive changes: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is marked by cognitive decline and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposition in the brain. Microglia cluster around Aβ plaques shifting to a plaque-associated microglia (PAM) immunophenotype. This study investigates the association between Aβ, microglia and PAM with cognitive performance in 75 older adults, 39 with normal cognition and 36 with AD. Postmortem brain samples containing the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) underwent duplex immunohistochemistry for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and Aβ. A machine learning pipeline quantified parameters of Aβ, microglia and PAM expression. This study evaluated sex- and layer-specific patterns of expression of these parameters and the relationship with global cognitive performance, as measured by the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Additionally, four specific cognitive domains, memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial processing, were evaluated. Aβ and PAM were significantly higher in AD, with no sex- or layer-specific differences. In layers 3 and 4, Aβ plaque size was inversely correlated with MMSE. In all layers, total and activated microglial densities were related to executive function, but in a cognitive status-dependent manner. In layers 5 and 6, higher PAM expression correlated with lower CASI and MMSE scores. PAM expressions in layers 3, 5, and 6 were negatively associated with memory scores. This study characterizes Aβ, microglia, and PAM patterns in the MTG, revealing layer-specific associations between histopathological metrics and cognitive domains. It also highlights PAM as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate cognitive decline in AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.