Evidence mapPaperPMID 40423814Full record

SynthesisWorld journal of urology2025

Surgical efficacy and predictors of outcome in varicocelectomy: a meta-analysis of multivariable studies.

Hong Xiao, Rui-Jie Yao, Hao-Nan He, Yi-Lang Ding, Peng Yang, Qiang Chen, Hai-Lin Huang, Xi Chen, Mao-Yuan Wang, Song-Xi Tang and 1 more

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in World journal of urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hong Xiao *Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Rui-Jie Yao *Department of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Hao-Nan HeDepartment of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Yi-Lang DingDepartment of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Peng YangDepartment of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Qiang ChenDepartment of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Hai-Lin HuangDepartment of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Xi ChenDepartment of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Mao-Yuan WangDepartment of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Song-Xi TangDepartment of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China. drsxtang@fjmu.edu.cn.
Hui-Liang ZhouDepartment of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China. zhlpaper@fjmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Fujian Province Finance Special Fund Project in China 2018B010Fujian Province Science and Technology Innovation Joint Fund Project in China 2021Y9117Young and Middle-Aged Key Personnel Training Project of the Fujian Provincial Health Commission 2019-ZQN-62
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVaricocele is a common cause of male infertility. Varicocelectomy can effectively improve semen quality, but it does not improve semen quality in all patients.

methodsPrior to conducting this meta-analysis, we registered the protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42024574608). Our meta-analysis by searching databases such as Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Only studies utilizing multivariable logistic regression were included. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the effect size.

resultsThe analysis comprised 11 studies with 1,498 patients and encompassed 14 outcomes. The overall efficacy rate of varicocelectomy was 62.8% (95% CI 55.6-69.9%). Compared to other surgical methods and approaches, microsurgical varicocelectomy and subinguinal varicocelectomy demonstrated higher surgical efficacy rates. Higher preoperative sperm concentration (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.06) and total motile sperm count (OR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.04-8.67) were predictive of better post-varicocelectomy outcomes. Furthermore, a positive correlation existed between wider spermatic vein diameter and improved efficacy post-varicocelectomy (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.36-4.26).

conclusionMicrosurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy achieves higher surgical efficacy rates. Varicocele patients with better preoperative sperm concentration, total motile sperm count, and wider spermatic vein diameter are more likely to benefit from varicocelectomy. This provides andrologists with a reference basis for advising varicocele patients on the surgical efficacy and potential benefits post-varicocelectomy.

Indexed as

Infertility, MaleUrologic Surgical Procedures, MaleVaricoceleCohort StudiesHumansMaleMicrosurgeryRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSemen AnalysisTreatment OutcomeMeta-analysisMotile sperm countSpermatic vein diameterSperm concentrationSurgical efficacyVaricoceleVaricocelectomy

Identifiers

PMID40423814

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.