SynthesisNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2025
Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Longitudinal Measures as Prognostic Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nucleus-specific thalamic volumes and retinal thickness in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Rethinking prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a multiaxial perspective.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Longitudinal Measures as Prognostic Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Retinal Neuronal Loss as Additive Prognostic Markers of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Article
- The Eye and the Brain: Photonic Devices in Neuro-Ophthalmology.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integration of retinal layer thinning into NEDA-3 predicts disability progression in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Associations between retinal morphological features and risk of depression and anxiety disorders.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Building Towards Initiation, Moderation, De-Escalation and Cessation of Disease-Modifying Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis in Greece: An Expert Panel Consensus Meeting.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- The impact of OSCAR-IB quality control and manual segmentation on retinal atrophy rates in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in multiple sclerosis: clinical implications, cognitive associations, and effects of disease-modifying therapies.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between OCT and VEP Parameters with Disability and Disease Duration in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Imaging biomarkers in optic neuritis: current tools and future directions.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis as a biological and clinical continuum: from risk factors to the early stages of disease.Frontiers in neurologyReview
- Patterns and predictors of transition between multiple sclerosis phenotypes: A longitudinal analysis.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
- Use of optical coherence tomography in the care of people with multiple sclerosis in Switzerland: A national survey among neurologists.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesOptical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a valuable marker for assessing inflammation and neuroaxonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Although traditional markers such as brain atrophy and axonal loss are crucial for monitoring MS progression, their clinical application can be limited by various factors. This meta-analysis of longitudinal studies aims to assess the predictive value of OCT-derived retinal layer thickness thresholds for monitoring and predicting MS disease progression and cognitive decline.
methodsOur systematic review and meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. A comprehensive systematic search was performed using electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) for longitudinal studies using Spectral Domain-OCT (SD-OCT) to assess retinal layer thickness and its predictive value for MS progression. Data were extracted on study design, OCT measurements, disability progression definitions, and clinical outcomes. We analyzed hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) for associations between OCT-measured thresholds and disability progression, including physical and cognitive deterioration.
resultsOur study included 14 longitudinal studies that met our inclusion criteria, 13 studies were included in our quantitative analysis, with a total of 3,683 participants. Baseline peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness below 88 μm was significantly associated with increased risk of future disease progression and physical worsening measured by Expanded Disability Status Scale progression (HR = 2.376, DISCUSSION: OCT-derived retinal layer thresholds, specifically a pRNFL thickness of ≤88 μm and a GCIPL thickness of ≤77 μm, are significantly associated with an increased risk of future MS disability progression. Furthermore, annual thinning rates of pRNFL >1.5 μm/y and GCIPL >1 μm/y demonstrate greater predictive power and are more clinically relevant for identifying individuals at high risk of both physical and cognitive disability progression outcomes. Further research is needed to standardize OCT thresholds and improve clinical use in treatment planning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.