Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40424583›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2025

Google Trends for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in India From 2010 to 2024: Infodemiological Study.

Rashmi Mehra, Arindam Ray, Amrita Kumari, Amanjot Kaur, Rhythm Hora, Syed F Quadri, Seema Singh Koshal, Bodhisatwa Ray, Shyam Kumar Singh, Abida Sultana and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Determinants of HPV vaccine hesitancy in South Asia: a systematic review.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Rashmi MehraJohn Snow India, Plot No. 5 & 6, First Floor Allied House, Pocket 10, Sector B, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India, 91 9560213460.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-5609
Arindam RayBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-0352
Amrita KumariBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7956-8373
Amanjot KaurBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5772-0218
Rhythm HoraBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-6864
Syed F QuadriBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-2499
Seema Singh KoshalBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-9744
Bodhisatwa RayUniversity of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-5134-9444
Shyam Kumar SinghBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-6498-4209
Abida SultanaBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-7632-3619
Arup Deb RoyBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New Delhi, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-3396

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cervical cancer. It has a substantial impact on global public health, with low- and middle-income countries, including India, facing the highest burden. In 2022, India reported 127,526 new cases and 79,906 deaths due to cervical cancer, projected to increase by 61% by 2040. Although the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization recommended the HPV vaccine for cervical cancer prevention, it is yet to be a part of India's universal immunization program. Objective: This study aims to examine online interest in the HPV vaccine in India from January 2010 to April 2024 using Google Trends. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of Google Trends data was performed, using the relative search volume to track interest on a scale of 0-100. Trends were analyzed annually using 1-way ANOVA and joinpoint regression to identify significant changes in search behavior related to public health events. Statistical significance was set at P<.05. Results: The average annual growth in HPV vaccine-related searches was 13.7% (95% CI 7.9%-19.1%), with the highest relative search volume in 2024 (49.5) and the lowest in 2017 (3.38). Spikes in search interest aligned with key events like the 2018 National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization recommendation and the 2022 launch of the indigenous HPV vaccine. The results highlight online search data's value in tracking public interest, which fluctuates in response to health policy changes or developments on social media. In India, targeted digital strategies will be vital for addressing vaccine hesitancy and increasing HPV vaccine uptake. Conclusions: Google Trends data can inform public health strategies by identifying periods of high interest, aiding in the promotion of HPV vaccination in India.

Indexed as

InternetPapillomavirus InfectionsPapillomavirus VaccinesSearch EngineCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndiaUterine Cervical NeoplasmsPapillomavirus Vaccinescervical cancerGoogle TrendsHPVHPV vaccinehuman papillomavirusIndiapublic health

Identifiers

PMID40424583
PMCPMC12133069

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.