Evidence mapPaperPMID 40425314Full record

SynthesisRenal failure2025

Efficacy of Shenkang Injection combined with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers in diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Xinyue Zhang, Xuyuan Lao, Shengchun Liao, Chaoyang Ye, Chen Wang

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xinyue ZhangDepartment of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xuyuan LaoDepartment of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shengchun LiaoDepartment of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Chaoyang YeDepartment of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Chen WangDepartment of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveShenkang injection (SKI), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation, is widely used in China for diabetic nephropathy (DN). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SKI combined with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers in patients with DN.

methodsA comprehensive search of seven databases was conducted up to September 18, 2024, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SKI plus RAAS blockers versus RAAS blockers alone in DN patients. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0, with effect sizes expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsA total of 18 RCTs involving 1,497 patients were analyzed. Combination therapy significantly improved total effective rate (TER) (MD 2.61, 95% CI 1.62-2.64) and reduced key renal and metabolic markers. Urinary protein excretion rate (UPER), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 24-hour urinary protein (24h-UTP), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels all significantly decreased in the combination group. Subgroup analysis showed that patients aged ≤55 years had greater reductions in SCr (WMD -25.62, 95% CI -29.41 to -21.83) and BUN (WMD -2.51, 95% CI -2.75 to -2.27). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of findings. No publication bias was detected for TER, SCr, BUN, 24h-UTP, TG, and adverse reactions, though UPER and TC showed potential bias.

conclusionSKI combined with RAAS blockers may enhance renal function and metabolic profiles in DN patients. Further high-quality RCTs are needed to validate these findings and assess long-term safety.

Indexed as

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsDiabetic NephropathiesDrugs, Chinese HerbalRenin-Angiotensin SystemDrug Therapy, CombinationHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsDrugs, Chinese Herbaldiabetic nephropathymeta-analysisRenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockersShenkang Injectionsystematic reviewtraditional Chinese medicine

Identifiers

PMID40425314
PMCPMC12117859

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.