ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Influence of Communication Modality on the "Saying-Is-Believing" Effect.
Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Correction: Yin and Liu (2025). The Influence of Communication Modality on the "Saying-Is-Believing" Effect.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In communication, people adjust their information expression based on the audience's attitude toward a topic, which is known as the audience-tuning effect. This effect also leads individuals to develop memory biases favoring the audience's attitude, a process termed the "saying-is-believing" (SIB) effect. This study validates the SIB effect using a classical paradigm based on shared reality theory. Additionally, it explores the impact of different communication modalities on the SIB effect, considering the information dissemination context in the internet era and the unique characteristic of "visual anonymity" in online communication compared to offline communication. A two-factor mixed experimental design with 2 (audience's attitude: positive, negative) × 2 (communication modality: online, offline) was employed. The following results were found: (1) The SIB effect exists, meaning that people adjust their descriptions and recalls based on the audience's attitude. (2) Communication modality and the audience's attitude interactively influence the SIB effect, with a greater deviation in description and recall valence when the audience's attitude is negative (positive) in online (offline) compared to offline (online) communication. In summary, online communication is more likely to generate negative information than offline communication. This study enriches and expands the research field of the SIB effect, filling the gap in cross-media comparisons within this field. Moreover, it further enhances individuals' understanding of online and offline communication modalities, which has certain guiding significance for enhancing work and learning effectiveness, improving the internet environment, and supporting enterprise management. Future research can further subdivide communication modalities, improve the classical paradigm to make it more practical, and incorporate neural technologies to delve deeper into the influencing factors and underlying mechanisms of the SIB effect.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.