Evidence mapPaperPMID 40427399Full record

ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Acts as Inhibitor of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) and Hampers NO Production and Acetylcholine-Mediated Vasorelaxation in Rat Aortas.

Alma Martelli, Federico Abate, Michele Roggia, Giada Benedetti, Eugenio Caradonna, Vincenzo Calderone, Gian Carlo Tenore, Sandro Cosconati, Ettore Novellino, Mariano Stornaiuolo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Gut microbes · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Alma MartelliDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2090-7107
Federico AbateDepartment of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.ORCID 0009-0006-9372-0032
Michele RoggiaDepartment of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
Giada BenedettiDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy.
Eugenio CaradonnaCentro Diagnostico Italiano, Department of Clinical Laboratory, 20100 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9729-6722
Vincenzo CalderoneDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy.
Gian Carlo TenoreDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0251-9936
Sandro CosconatiDepartment of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8900-0968
Ettore NovellinoDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2181-2142
Mariano StornaiuoloDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2200-5083

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an endogenous osmolyte produced by enzymatic reactions starting in the human gut, where microbiota release trimethylamine (TMA) from foods, and ending in the liver, where TMA is oxidized to TMAO by flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3). While physiological concentrations of TMAO help proteins preserve their folding, high levels of this metabolite are harmful and promote oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. In humans, elevated levels of circulating TMAO predispose individuals to cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease and increase mortality risk, especially in the elderly. How TMAO exerts its negative effects has been only partially elucidated. In hypertensive rats, the eNOS substrate L-arginine and Taurisolo

Indexed as

acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxationendothelial nitric oxide synthaseTaurisolo®trimethylamine N-oxide

Identifiers

PMID40427399
PMCPMC12108457

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.