Evidence mapPaperPMID 40430535Full record

ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Medicinal Chemistry Strategies in Targeting TGF-βR1 Kinase Domain: Unveiling Insights into Inhibitor Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR).

Nusaiba A Babiker, Soam Nadeem, Hasan Abu Kariem, Afra Abdul Hameed, Ahmed T Negmeldin, Eman M El-Labbad

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of New Quinazolin-4(3Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nusaiba A BabikerDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
Soam NadeemDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
Hasan Abu KariemDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
Afra Abdul HameedDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
Ahmed T NegmeldinDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.ORCID 0000-0003-3399-3435
Eman M El-LabbadDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.ORCID 0000-0003-0735-7419

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is involved in various cellular functions, including immunological response, extracellular matrix formation, differentiation, growth and development, and cell cycle regulation. The TGF β receptor type 1 (TGF-βR1) has emerged as a key component of this pathway, exhibiting significant overexpression in diverse malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. Multiple therapeutic targets have been identified for the TGF-β signaling pathway, encompassing antibodies, ligand traps, vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides, and small-molecule TGF-βR1 kinase inhibitors. This review delineates the structural and functional characteristics of the small-molecule TGF-βR1 kinase inhibitors. The inhibitors discussed herein are categorized based on shared pharmacophoric features, notably a five-membered heterocyclic ring linked to three distinct features (R1, R2, and R3). These features interact with amino acids within the selectivity pocket, hinge region, or solvent-exposed area, respectively. These insights contribute to a clearer understanding of the structural requirements for selective TGF-βR1 inhibition. The presented findings in this review article offer a valuable foundation for future drug discovery efforts targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway.

Indexed as

ALK5kinase selectivitysmall molecule inhibitorsstructure–activity relationship (SAR)TGF-βR1 kinase inhibitorsTGF-β signaling pathway

Identifiers

PMID40430535
PMCPMC12114876

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.